ELECTIVE Employment Flashcards
Poverty
If their income and resources are so inadequate as to preclude them from having a standard of living which is regarded as acceptable by Irish society generally
193,000 children are in poverty 2020
637,000 people 2020
Types of poverty
Absolute
Relative
Absolute poverty
People are severely deprived of basic human needs eg food
People struggle to stay alive
Common in developing countries, in Ireland some homeless people may be in absolute poverty
Relative poverty
A persons income is less than what is needed to maintain the general standard of living expected in the society that they live in
Varies from country to country
May be excluded from normal society
Income poverty
Occurs when people are living below the poverty line
Generally have a poor standard of living
Poverty line
Estimated minimum level of income necessary to maintain a basic standard of living
Varies from country to country
Ireland’s poverty line salary is 60% of the median income of the population
886,000 are at risk of poverty
Depravation
Occurs when people fail to own items or carry out activities which are considered to be basic necessities in society
Measured using a deprivation index which contains a list of items and activities eg being unable to afford two pairs of strong shoes, a warm waterproof coat
Groups within Irish society who are at risk of poverty
Early school leavers Older people aged 66+ One parent families Migrants Children People with illnesses, disabilities, special needs
Causes of poverty
Increased cost of housing
Family type: large families have higher costs, one parent families have one income
Economic recession and unemployment
Social problems: drugs, alcohol
Lack of education: more likely to be unemployed or in low paid jobs
Social policy and the poverty trap
Social welfare payments can perpetuate poverty as they can sometimes be more financially rewarding than wages
Some people choose to stay on welfare
This is the poverty trap
Effects of poverty
Debt Depression and destructive habits Social isolation Relationship problems Decline in standard of living Educational disadvantage
IDA Ireland
industrial development agency
encourages FDI in urban and rural areas
provides support and advice to potential investors
grants
how education leads to greater employment opportunites
leaving cert is the minimum requirement
additional qualifications needed for promotion/high paid jobs
legislation to protect workers
national minimum wage agreement:
sets out the minimum wage to be paid to workers for a fair days work
safety, health and welfare at work act 2005:
prevents injury and ill health
employment equality acts 1998-2015
cycle of poverty
children growing up in poverty are more likely to be poor when they’re older
less likely to have access to opportunities eg educational resources
can lead to:
-dropping out of school
-low paid jobs
-marrying early and having children young
when they have children, cycle continues
tends to be focused on geographical locations eg inner city areas, large social housing estates
SOLAS
national further education and training authority
funds, plans and coordinates training and further education
offers:
-traineeship programmes
-specific skills training eg computer skills
-apprenticeship programmes
LEO
local enterprise office
supports business start ups and develops existing microbusinesses to increase job creation and sustainability
-offers businesses info, training, grants
-mentor service to support growth and development
job bridge
national internship scheme that provides opportunities for the unemployed for 6-9 months, enabling them to:
- gain experience to add to their CV
- gain networking opportunities
- enhance relevant knowledge and skills
community responses to create employment
cottage industries
co-ops
schemes to reduce expenditure for low income families
medical card
-issued by HSE, cover a range of health services, €2.50 per charge
school books grant scheme
-comes from dept. of education and skills, allows principals to rent books to students
fuel allowance
-helps with the cost of heating homes during winter, eligible if on long term social welfare payments, €22.50 a week
society of st vincent de paul
works to:
promote social justice and more caring society
promote financial, material and advisory assistance to those experiencing poverty
services:
-hostels/social housing projects
-childcare, homework and breakfast clubs in their resource centres
focus ireland
works to prevent people becoming, remaining or returning to homelessness by:
- emergency short and long term housing
- coffee shop in temple bar
- PETE programme for 18 and older to prepare for education and training
purpose of education
socialisation
-formal and informal
development of individuals
preparation for work
physical, emotional, intellectual and moral development through education
physical -play with toys, gives hand eye coordination and dexterity -pe gives coordination and balance emotional -independence from parents -relationships outside the home intellectual -access to resources eg computers -challenges with tests and homework to achieve full potential moral development -have an ethos outlining their beliefs -have rules which teach how to function in society
factors that influence educational achievement
school environment family size parental attitude intellectual ability peers
early childhood care and education scheme
provides three hours of free care to children of pre school age 5 days a week
age 3-5half
follows siolta framework
early start pre school programme
offers one year pre primary in selected disadvantaged schools
aims to enhance overall development of children aged 3-4
focuses on language, cognition, social and personal development for a good foundation for future educational achievement
factors that affect equality of opportunity in education
gender
socio economic status
location
