ELECTIVE social change and the family

Question 1

reasons for rural to urban migration

Answer 1

fewer agricultural jobs due to mechanisation
high speed broadband + MNCs
less attractive to professionals/young families
easy access to services, amenities, infrastructure and education

Question 2

impact of migration on rural areas

Answer 2

depopulation: isolation/insecurity for olders
closure of services eg banks
cutbacks in transport services
reduced amenities - less social activities
decline in marriage and birth rates

Question 3

impact of migration on urban areas

Answer 3

increased competition for employment can lead to unemployment
lots of amenities, services, infrastructure
social problems
traffic congestion
greater demands for housing, education, health services

Question 4

government intervention in rural to urban migration

Answer 4

decentralisation policy
rural resettlement ireland
IDA ireland promoting ireland to investors
prioritising rural infrastructure

Question 5

improvements in education

Answer 5

pre school to third level is available to all
free primary/secondary
subsidised school transport systems
wide range of programmes to suit all abilities

Question 6

improvements in social welfare provisions

Answer 6

benefits for the unemployed, single parents and the disabled
child benefit to reduce child poverty
pensions + living alone allowances for elderly
family income supplement for low income families

Question 7

changing attitudes in parenting

Answer 7

women establish careers before children
egalitarian roles between parents
maternity and paternity leave
corporal punishment is illegal

Question 8

improved pay and conditions of work

Answer 8

national minimum wage
employment equality acts 1998-2015
rights of workers protected by TUs
shorter working hours

Question 9

greater participation of women in the workforce

Answer 9

social acceptance of women working outside the home
improved educational opportunities
do not have to retire once married
equal pay and improved salaries

Question 10

technology in the home

Answer 10

contributes to:
efficiency eg washing machine
effective communication eg phone
leisure eg smart tv
online banking

Question 11

impacts of tech on the family

Answer 11

can quickly change arrangements
keeps family connected across the globe
can cause conflict if children over use
risk of cyberbullying