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Vet Microscopic Anatomy > The Eye > Flashcards

The Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the eyeball?

A
  • a lens

- 3 layers: outer fibrous tunic, middle vascular tunic, and inner retinal tunic

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2
Q

What is the Adnexa?

A
  • accessory ocular structure

- palpebrae (eyelids), third eyelid and conjunctive, and the lacrimal apparatus

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3
Q

What are the components of the fibrous tunic?

A
  • sclera
  • cornea
  • limbus
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4
Q

Describe the Sclera and its functions

A
  • posterior portion of the eye
  • white opaque layer of dense irregular CT
  • protects the eye
  • maintains shape of the eye
  • provides insertion points for tendons of extraocular muscles
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5
Q

Describe the Cornea

A
  • anterior portion of the eye
  • avascular, transparent, concave-conves lens
  • has regenerative capacity
  • has 5 layers
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6
Q

What are the layers of the Cornea?

A

1) anterior corneal epithelium
2) anterior basement membrane
3) substantia propria = stroma
4) posterior basement membrane
5) posterior corneal epithelium - endothelium

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7
Q

What type of epithelium lines the anterior and posterior surface of the Cornea?

A

anterior: stratified squamous
posterior: simple squamous

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8
Q

What factors contribute to the transparency of the Cornea?

A
  • avascular
  • collagen arrangement (parallel to corneal surface)
  • proteoglycans between collagen
  • Na+ pumps to transport water out
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9
Q

Describe the Limbus

A
  • corneoscleral junction
  • small blood vessels
  • epithelium is continuous with the conjunctive that lines the eyelids
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10
Q

What is the Vascular tunic composed of?

A
  • iris
  • iridocorneal angle
  • ciliary body
  • choroid
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11
Q

Describe the Iris

A
  • pigmented loose CT
  • melanin in stromal cells determines color
  • dilator and sphinctor pupillae muscles
  • separates posterier and anterior chambers
  • posterior epithelium (corpora nigra present in horses and ruminants)
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12
Q

Describe the Iridocorneal angle

A
  • at convergence of Limbus, ciliary body, and iris
  • pectinate ligament
  • trabecular meshwork
  • trabecular veins
  • draining point for aqueous humor
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13
Q

What is the Ciliary Body?

A

anterior expansion of the choroid at the level of the lens

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14
Q

What is the ciliary muscle and what is its function?

A
  • smooth muscle
  • surrounded by loose CT
  • very vascular
  • contracts and reduces tension of zonular fibers of the lens
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15
Q

What are the two layers of the ciliary processes, and what is their function?

A

pigmented layer: forms zonular fibers to suspend the lens

nonpigmented layer: forms aqueous humor

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16
Q

What are the functions of aqueous humor?

A
  • nourishes cornea

- maintains intraocular pressure

17
Q

What is the pathway of aqueous humor drainage?

A

posterior chamber > through pupil > anterior chamber > iridocorneal angle > past pectinate ligaments > scleral venus plexus

18
Q

Describe the Choroid

A
  • highly vascular
  • nutritional source for retina
  • anterior: continuous with ciliary body
  • external: connected to sclera
  • internal: connected to retinal pigmented epithelium
  • dorsal: tapetum lucidum
19
Q

What is the tapetum lucidum?

A
  • part of the choroid
  • increases light perception under conditions of poor ilumination
  • reflects light
20
Q

What are the parts of the Neuro-Epithelial/Retinal tunic?

A
  • sensory/optical part: contacts choroid
  • nonsensory/ciliary part: contacts ciliary body
  • iridal part: posterior pigmented epithelium
21
Q

Describe the Sensory/Optical Retina

A
  • sends visual images to brain
  • held in place by vitreous body
  • nerve fibers converge to form optic nerve
  • has many layers
22
Q

What is the path of light through the eye?

A

through tear film, cornea, aqueous humor, pupil, lens, vitreous humor, first 8 layers of retina, stimulates rods or cones, then absorbed by retinal epithelium

23
Q

What is the path of the visual impulse?

A
  • light stimulates photoreceptor cells
  • impulse passed to bipolar neurons, then to ganglion cells
  • axons of ganglion cells form nerve fiber layer, and leave eye as optic nerve
24
Q

Describe the retinal pigmented epithelium

A
  • outermost layer of retina
  • flat polygonal cells resting on a basement membrane
  • transport of nutrients and metabolites to the photoreceptor cells, light absorption, and phagocytosis
25
Q

Describe the rod photoreceptor cells

A
  • inner segment is long and thin
  • contains flattened, membranous disks containing pigment Rhodopsin
  • responsible for vision in dim light
26
Q

Describe the cone photoreceptor cells

A
  • inner segment has a broad base
  • contains flattened, membranous disks containing pigment Iodopsin
  • responsible for vision in bright light, and color vision
27
Q

Describe the Vitreous Body

A
  • occupies space between lens and retina
  • 99% water, rich in hyaluronic acid
  • gelatinous, colorless, viscous fluid
  • aids in maintaining shape and retinal apposition
28
Q

Describe the Lens

A
  • entirely surrounded by capsule
  • anterior epithelium of simple cuboidal cells
  • epithelial cells will elongate and differentiate to form lens fibers
  • lens fibers lack nuclei, grow throughout life
  • lens is suspended by zonular fibers
  • loses vascular supply after development
29
Q

What are the components of the eyelid?

A
  • conjunctiva
  • cilia (eyelashes)
  • tarsal (Meibomian) glands
  • third eyelid
  • lacrimal apparatus
30
Q

Describe the conjunctiva

A
  • CT lined by epithelium
  • transitional or pseudostratified columnar that becomes stratified squamous
  • has goblet cells
  • palpebral: inner surface of lid
  • bulbar: against eyeball
31
Q

Describe the third eyelid

A
  • protects eye, removes foreign material
  • lined by conjunctiva
  • aggregated lymph nodules located under conjunctival surface
  • gland of 3rd eyelide produces aqueous portion of tear film
32
Q

Describe the Lacrimal gland

A
  • have tubuloalveolar seromucinous acini composed of secretory cells filled with small granules
  • myoepithelial cells

Vet Microscopic Anatomy (11 decks)

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