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Vet Microscopic Anatomy > Blood and Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

Blood and Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of blood?

A
  • transportation
  • temperature regulation
  • water balance (blood volume)
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2
Q

What are the components of plasma?

A
  • proteins: albumin, globulin, fibrinogen
  • water
  • other solutes
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3
Q

How is serum different from plasma?

A
  • serum lacks coagulation proteins (fibrinogen)
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4
Q

Describe Erythrocytes and their function

A
  • most numerous of the formed elements
  • carry oxygen to tissue and carbon dioxide back to the lungs
  • in most species, a nucleate and biconcave discs
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5
Q

Describe Canine Erythrocytes

A
  • have central pallor
  • clearly biconcave discs
  • lifespan: 110 days
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6
Q

Describe Feline Erythrocytes

A
  • majority are monoconcave discs
  • less central pallor
  • lifespan: 70 days
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7
Q

Describe Equine Erythrocytes

A
  • no central pallor

- lifespan: 160 days

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8
Q

Describe Bovine Erythrocytes

A
  • no central pallor

- lifespan: 145 days

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9
Q

Describe Goat Erythrocytes

A
  • spherical and irregular shaped: poikilo cytosis
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10
Q

Describe Deer Erythrocytes

A
  • sickle-shaped
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11
Q

Describe Camelid Erythrocytes

A
  • elliptical shaped

- adapted for drinking a lot of water following a period of no water

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12
Q

Describe Erythrocytes of Avians/Reptiles/Amphibians/Fish

A
  • nucleated RBCs
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13
Q

Describe Neutrophils

A
  • most numerous WBC
  • granules contain antibacterial substances
  • larger than RBC, segmented nucleus, dense violet chromatin, pale staining cytoplasm
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14
Q

What are heterophils?

A
  • equivalent of neutrophils in rabbits, guinea pigs, birds, reptiles, and amphibians
  • granules are rice shaped and stain red
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15
Q

Describe Lymphocytes

A
  • 2nd most numerous in the blood
  • found in blood, lymphatic circulation, lymphocytes
  • B and T cells, large granular, reactive, and plasma cells
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16
Q

Describe the appearance of small and large granular lymphocytes on a blood smear

A

small: round, dense nucleus
- scant amount of cytoplasm
large, granular: little granules in them

17
Q

Describe the appearance of Plasma cells on a blood smear

A
  • round nucleus with coarse chromatin

- bright blue cytoplasm

18
Q

Describe Monocytes and their functions

A
  • macrophage precursors
  • less numerous than neutrophils and lymphocytes in the blood
  • phagocytosis of mycobacteria and fungi
  • antigen presentation
  • iron storage and recycling
19
Q

Describe the appearance of monocytes on a blood smear

A
  • largest on blood smears
  • abundant blue cytoplasm
  • nucleus is magenta
  • chromatin less dense than a neutrophil
20
Q

Describe Eosinophils

A
  • present in low numbers
  • contain eosinophili granules that are anti-bacterial and anti-parasitic
  • modulate delayed and immediate type hypersensitivity
  • attracted by histamine
21
Q

Describe the appearance of eosinophil on a blood smear

A
  • abundant pale cytoplasm
  • numerous granules stain pink
  • nucleus is segmented
22
Q

Describe Basophils

A
  • least numerous WBC in blood
  • granules contain histamine and other proteins
  • increased concentration associated with parasitic infestations and allergic reactions (heartworm)
23
Q

Describe the appearance of basophils on a blood smear

A
  • very uncommon to see on a blood smear
  • granules are basophilic, dark purple
  • abundant purple cytoplasm
  • long, ribbon-like segmented nucleus
  • cats have lavender granules
24
Q

Describe Platelets/Thrombocytes

A
  • small, anucleate discoid cytoplasmic fragments
  • avian/reptile/amph are nucleated and called thrombocytes
  • packed full of granules
  • primary function to make plug for hemostasis
  • play a role in inflammation (cytokines)
  • cats are frequently activated
25
Q

Describe the appearance of platelets on a blood smear

A
  • smaller than RBC
  • red-purple granules
  • no nucleus
26
Q

Explain how platelets are formed

A
  • megakaryocytes in the bone marrow
  • extend cytoplasmic pseudopodia through the sinusoids
  • as blood flows by, it snips off these extensions and makes platelets
27
Q

What are the final 3 stages of Erythropoiesis?

A

metarubicyte (still contains nucleus)
polychromatophil
erythrocyte

28
Q

What are the final 3 stages in Neutrophil maturation?

A

neutrophilic metamyelocyte
neutrophilic band
segmented neutrophil

29
Q

Describe Granulupoiesus

A
  • forms eosinophils, neutrophils, and basophils
  • occurs in bone marrow
  • regulated by CSFs and inflammatory cytokines
30
Q

Where do B cells mature?

Where to T cells mature?

A

B cells: bone marrow

T cells: thymus

31
Q

Why would an erythrocyte have a nucleus?

A
  • regenerative anemia
  • bone marrow damage
  • diseases affecting RBC maturation
  • damage to spleen
  • some toxins (lead)

Vet Microscopic Anatomy (11 decks)

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