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Vet Microscopic Anatomy > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is Grey Matter?

Where is it located?

A

region rich in cell bodies but limited numbers of myelinated axons
- peripheral in brain, central in spinal cord

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2
Q

What is White Matter?

Where is it located?

A

region rich in myelinated axons

- central in brain, peripheral in spinal cord

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3
Q

Which cells are not sensitive to hypoxia?

A
  • microglial cells

- vascular endothelium

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4
Q

What are ganglia?

A

collection of neurons in the PNS

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5
Q

What are nuclei?

A

collection of neurons in the CNS

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6
Q

Describe Neuron Soma

A
  • euchromatic nucleus with prominent nucleolis
  • Nissl substance in RER and ribosomes
  • long lived, so lipofuscin present
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7
Q

What are the possible shapes of the perikaryon and where are each found?

A
  • Pyriform (round, oval): pseudounipolar neurons, Purkinje cells in cerebellum
  • Pyramidal: brain cortex
  • Stellate: multipolar neuron in spinal cord
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8
Q

Nocioceptors sense what?

A

pain, itch

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9
Q

Thermoreceptors sense what?

A

temperature

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10
Q

Meissner’s Corpuscles sense what?

A

fine touch

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11
Q

Krause Corpuscles sense what?

A

pressure

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12
Q

Pacinian Corpuscles sense what?

A

deep pressure

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13
Q

Golgi Organ senses what?

A

conscious proprioception

- stretching

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14
Q

Muscle Spindles sense what?

A

conscious proprioception

- muscle stretch and position

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15
Q

Describe Astrocytes

A
  • CNS counterpart of fibroblast
  • protoplasmic (grey matter)
  • fibrillar (white matter)
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16
Q

What are the functions of Astrocytes?

A
  • transport nutrients
  • maintain ECM ion content
  • neurotransmitter uptake
  • part of blood brain barrier
  • antigen presentation
17
Q

Describe Oligodendrocytes and their function

A
  • small, dark nuclei

- develop and maintain myelin in CNS

18
Q

Describe Microglia

A
  • resident macrophages of CNS
  • smallest cells
  • derived from monocytes
  • dark elongated nucleus
  • mesodermal origin
19
Q

What are the functions of Microglia?

A
  • phagocytosis of dead cells (Gitter cells) or lipid/myelin (Myeophages)
  • antigen presentation
20
Q

Describe Ependymal cells and their functions

A
  • ciliated cuboidal cells
  • line neural cavity, ventricles, choroid plexus, and central canal
  • produce CSF
21
Q

Describe the layers of the Cerebrum

A
  • Pia mater: adherent to surface neutropil

- Subarachnoid space: contains blood vessels

22
Q

What are Gyri?

A

elevations in the cerebrum

23
Q

What are Folia?

A

elevations in the cerebellum

24
Q

What are the layers in the Cerebellem cortex?

A
  • Molecular Layer: outer layer, basket cells
  • Purkinje cell Layer: middle layer, few Purkinje cells (Ganglionic Layer)
  • Granular cell Layer: granule cells
25
Q

What are the clinical signs in a cat of Cerebellar Hypoplasia

A
  • attention tremors
  • hypermetric gait
  • ataxia (wide stance)
  • relatively normal mentation
26
Q

What are the regions of grey matter in the spinal cord, and what nerves are present in them?

A
  • dorsal horns: sensory
  • lateral horns: autonomic
  • ventral horns: motor
27
Q

What are the Meninges of the Spinal cord?

A
  • Dura mater: thick outer covering
  • Arachnoid: membrane attached to Dura mater
  • Subarachnoid Space: contains CSF
  • Pia mater: highly vascular, adherent to brain and spinal cord
28
Q

What is Pachymeninx

A

dura mater

29
Q

What is Leptomeninx

A

arachnoid and pia mater

30
Q

Describe Cerebral Spinal Fluid

A
  • transudate
  • formed by ependymal cells in the choroid plexus
  • function is to nourish CNS and act as a cushion
  • must be produced and drained at a constant rate
31
Q

What is the Choroid Plexus?

A

a cluster or arborizing blood vessels covered by a thin connective tissue and ependymal cells
- site of CSF production

32
Q

Describe the connective tissue coverings of the nerves

A
  • Endoneurium covers each nerve fiber
  • Perineurium covers each fascicle of nerve fibers
  • Epineurium covers entire nerve

Vet Microscopic Anatomy (11 decks)

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