The Exceratory System Flashcards
Where are the kindeys located
At the back lower half of the body
What are the functions of the kidney
Removes waste
Returns needed susbstances for the body to reuse
Regulate body fluids
What are the waste products that are excreted
Nitrogen compunds
Ammnonia
Urea
What are nitrogen compounds originally
Breakdown of proteins
What does Ammonium need
Needs to be broken down since its too toxic
Kidney
Fist sized, located on either side of our spine an surrounded by fat.
Ureters
Muscular tubes that remove urine from the kidney
Urinary bladder
Storage for urine controlled by spincters.
The inner spincter is controlled by the brain.
Why is the innermost spincter of the kidney controlled by the brain
Its like a wake up call to go to the bathroom
Uretha
Tube were urine exits the body
Uretha for males
20cm long and are mixed with reproductive features
Uretha for females
4cm long and are separeate from reproductive features.
What do kindeys have in millions
Nephrons
What are jobs of nephrons
To filter blood and creating urine.
What are the parts of the kidney
Renal cortex, renal medula, renal pelvis
What are the parts of the nephron
Glomerular filtration
Tubular rebsorption (proximal tubule)
Loop of Henle
Distal tubule
Collecting duct
What do nephrons look like
Look like spikes on to of the renal pelvis
What is the job of the renal capilary
Bring blood to the bowmans capsule
What is the job of the renal vein
Take blood to the heart
Golmerular Filtration
Renal artery enters into the bowmans capsule and splits into capilaries
Glormerulus
Capilary bed
Why does filtration occour
1 There are many pores in walls
2 High blood pressure in glomerous
What is filtrate identical to
Blood plasma contents
Tubular Reabsorption
A tube that is used for reabsorption and returning some fluids back to the body
What is another name for Tubular Reabsoption
Proximal Tubule
What supports active transport
Microcondria
Which substances are actively transported
Na
Glucose
Other solutes
(Anything positive)
Which substances are passively transported
Negative Cl
K
Water
(Usually anything negative)
Loop of Henle
Is a small loop that has a descending and ascending part
Is the site of active and passive transport
What parts of the loop of Henle are actively transported
Accending top half
What parts of the loop of Henle are Passively Transported
Decending to the middle
What are features of the decending Henle loop
Permable to water
Non permable to ions
Lower loop is salty
What is the top half of the exceratory system called
Cortex
What is the bottom half of the exceratory system called
Medulla
What transport does the decending loop of Henle use
Passive Transport
What is the decending loop of henle permable to
Water
What is the decending loop of henle not permable to
Ions
What is the accending loop of henle
Impermeable to water
Permable to solutes and Na+
What is the thin part of the accending henle
Impermable to water but not to solutes
What is the thick part of the accending henle
Actively transports Na+
Why are there high concentrations of water near the end
Since water was removed
Distal Tubule
K and H are actively secreted into it
Same with penicillin
What does reabsoprtion in the distal tube depend on
What the requirments of the body are (thirsty)
What is the job of the collecting duct
Filtrate is collected, still contains water.
Water becomes reabsorbed casuing a higher concentration
What is the final state of the collecting duct
Becomes urine and is 1% of the orignal
Renal vein
Reutnred to the body (absorbed water)
What does the amount of water absorbed contribute to
Volume and concentration of blood
Osmotic pressure
Solute concentration
Force generated by osmosis
What does drinking too much mean
Kidney allows more water into unrine
What does dehydration mean
Kidneys conserve water by producing concentrated urine
What does ADH stand for
Anti directic hormone
What does ADH do
Makes you pee less and water is absorbed more.
Reuglates osmositic pressure absorbing water
Diuretic
Makes you pee more increasing the volume of urine.
Decreases permability of tubules
Leads to dehydration
What are some examples of diruetics
coffee, alcohol
What parts of the brain make ADH
Tlpothalymus (creates it)
Posterior puteriary gland (Secretes ADH)
Diabetes inspidus
ADH does not work casuing dehydration, and quick pee
Treated by synthetic ADH
What mixed with ADH causes high blood pressure
ADH and Aldostose
Aldosterone
Reabsorbes Na in distal tubule and collecting duct bring water and Cl- with it.
Secretes K ions if too much K
What does acidic blood do
Secrete H and reabsorb HCO3
What does basic blood do
Does not secrete H or absorb HCO3
What does H do
Represents acid
What does HCO3 do
Means basic
Dialysis
Machine that acts like a kidney
