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Unit 1 The Body > Digestion Quiz One Prep > Flashcards

Digestion Quiz One Prep Flashcards

1
Q

Macromolecules

A

Large complex organic molecules.
Made of several subunits

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2
Q

What are the four types of macromolecules

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids

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3
Q

How are macromolecules combined

A

Dehydration synthesis

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4
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

A hydroxyl (OH) group and the (H) of another molecule are removed.
(They are removing water to combine monomers)
Use Enzymes

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5
Q

Monomer

A

Has OH (hydroxyl left) and H and (hydrogen right ) on each side.

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6
Q

What are the bonds with monomers called

A

Covalent bonds

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7
Q

What are many monomers

A

polymers

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8
Q

How are macromolecules broken down

A

By adding water in hydroloysis

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9
Q

Glucose chemical formula

A

C6 H12 O6

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10
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Always have C, H or O
Used for short/ long term energy storage
Eaten for short term energy

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11
Q

What is the code for carbohydrates

A

2H 1O 1C

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12
Q

What is the monomer of carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharide

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13
Q

Types of carbohydrates

A

Simple sugars
Monosachrides
Disacarides
Polysaccarhides

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14
Q

Simple sugars

A

3 to 7 carbons

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15
Q

Monosacachride

A

Only one simple sugar

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16
Q

Disacaride

A

2 monosacarides

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17
Q

Polysacarides

A

Several monosacarides (simple sugars) linked

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18
Q

What do most simple sugars end with?

A

Ose

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19
Q

What are the three types of polysacharides

A

Glycosen
Starch
Cellulose

20
Q

Glycosen

A

Storage of glucose for animals in the liver

21
Q

Starch

A

The energy storage in plants (also called amylose)

22
Q

Cellulose

A

Makes up cell walls in plants. Fiber

23
Q

Cellulose Fiber

A

Humans cannot break it down but helps everything move along

24
Q

Lipids

A

Are insoluable
Have more energy than any other macromolecule and should be eaten for long term energy
Phospolipid
Include fats and oils

25
Q

What are lipids made up of

A

Glycerol and three fatty acids

26
Q

What are the monomers of a lipid

A

Glycerol and three fatty acids

27
Q

Saturated fats

A

Single bond and have animal products (fats)

28
Q

Unsaturated fats

A

Double bonds and dont come from animal products (oils)

29
Q

What fats are good

A

Saturated and unsaturated

30
Q

Transfat

A

Not good fats and found in fried foods

31
Q

What are proteins composed of

A

Are composed of amino acids and the monomer is amino acids.

32
Q

What is the connection between each amino acid called

A

peptide band

33
Q

Dipeptide/ polypeptide

A

Include several peptides

34
Q

Proteins

A

Have 20 groups of amino acids and 11 the body generates and 9 must be indjested.
Some are soluble
The structure of the protein determies the function

35
Q

What does the R group do

A

Determines the function of a protein

36
Q

Nucleic acids

A

Direct growth and have RNA and DNA
Consits of monomers and nucleotides

37
Q

Nucleotides

A

Are the monomers of nucleic acids

38
Q

What are nucleic acids composed of

A

Phopspahte
5c sugar
Nitrogen containing

39
Q

Are vitamins and minerals macrolmolecules

40
Q

Organic

A

Means it contains hydrogen and carbon

41
Q

Vitamins

A

organic
small amounts
helps enzymes
helps disease resistance
extracted from plants/ animals
nutrients the body needs

42
Q

What are the two types of vitamins

A

Fat soluble
Water soluble

43
Q

Where are vitamins extracted from

A

plants and animals

44
Q

Minerals

A

non organic
found in the earth
make enzymes
help create strong bones for nerve implusles.

45
Q

Two types of minerals

A

Macrol and trace minerals

46
Q

Enduced fit

A

The enzyme hugs the substrate

Unit 1 The Body (12 decks)

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