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Diamonds & Diamond Grading > The Evolution of Diamond Cutting (Chapter 9, Key Terms, Key Concepts, & Diamond Manufacturing Terms) > Flashcards

The Evolution of Diamond Cutting (Chapter 9, Key Terms, Key Concepts, & Diamond Manufacturing Terms) Flashcards

1
Q

Placing the first 17 or
18 facets on a diamond.

A

Blocking

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2
Q

Placement and
polishing of the star and upper
and lower half facets

A

Brillianteering

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3
Q

Forming the basic face-up
outline of a round or rounded-shape
diamond to prepare it for faceting.

A

Bruting

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4
Q

Dividing a diamond
into two or more pieces along a
cleavage plane

A

Cleaving

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5
Q

A holder that secures a
diamond during sawing, bruting,
or polishing.

A

Dop

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6
Q

A notch scratched into
diamond rough to prepare it for
cleaving.

A

Kerf

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7
Q

An early
brilliant cut with a circular girdle.

A

Old European cut

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8
Q

An early cushion shaped brilliant with a high crown,
deep pavilion, and 58 facets
including a large culet.

A

Old-mine cut

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9
Q

The person who decides
where to mark diamond rough for
fashioning into the most profitable
polished gem.

A

Planner

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10
Q

Placing and finishing
facets on a rough diamond. Also
called faceting

A

Polishing

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11
Q

Dividing diamond rough
into sections, either mechanically
or by laser.

A

Sawing

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12
Q

A rapidly spinning horizontal disc coated with diamond
powder, used to polish diamond
rough.

A

Scaife

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13
Q

A simple diamond cut,
with a table, eight crown facets,
eight pavilion facets, and sometimes a culet.

A

Single cut

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14
Q

A device that holds the dop
and allows polishers to adjust and
maintain a diamond’s angle during
polishing

A

Tang

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15
Q

A rough diamond’s shape and crystal
structure influence the number, size,
and value of the finished gems it
yields.

A

Key Concept

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16
Q

The first polished diamonds appeared
in Europe around 1380.

A

Key Concept

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17
Q

The point cut and other early diamond
cuts followed the shape of octahedral
rough.

A

Key Concept

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18
Q

Early cutters used boards treated with
diamond dust and olive oil to shape
diamond rough.

A

Key Concept

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19
Q

The single cut was the basis for the
full-cut modern brilliant

A

Key Concept

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20
Q

The round brilliant is the dominant
diamond cut in today’s market.

A

Key Concept

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21
Q

Cutters apply the brilliant cut to fancy
shapes to get maximum profit from
oddly shaped or low-color rough.

A

Key Concept

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22
Q

The cutter’s challenge is to produce
the most attractive and most profitable
finished gem at the lowest production
cost.

A

Key Concept

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23
Q

Growth marks on the rough’s surface
help determine its internal crystal
directions.

A

Key Concept

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24
Q

Computer technology reduces some of
the diamond planner’s risk.

A

Key Concept

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25
Q

The rotary saw gave cutters the ability
to manufacture more than one fashioned
stone from a piece of octahedral rough.

A

Key Concept

26
Q

Laser sawing allows more cutting
options than mechanical sawing.

A

Key Concept

27
Q

Blocking is a crucial stage because it
establishes the gem’s basic symmetry.

A

Key Concept

28
Q

High-tech diamond manufacturing
can increase efficiency and result
in consistently symmetrical finished
diamonds.

A

Key Concept

29
Q

Frosted rough diamond. “Bark” in
Dutch.

A

Bast (Diamond Manufacturing Terms)

30
Q

A person who cleaves, or splits,
a diamond along a cleavage plane. The
cleaver might also be responsible for planning the fashioning of a polished gem.

A

Cleaver (Diamond Manufacturing Terms)

31
Q

A person who performs
the cross-working operations during
diamond polishing; sometimes called a
cross cutter

A

Cross worker (Diamond Manufacturing Terms)

32
Q

Placing the bezel and
pavilion facets on round and fancy shapes.
Sometimes combined with blocking, especially on smaller stones. Also called cross
cutting

A

Cross working (Diamond Manufacturing Terms)

33
Q

Irregular furrow or groove in the
surface of a diamond, characteristic of
diamond crystals in the gray color range.

A

Foss (Diamond Manufacturing Terms)

34
Q

A diamond with
the table parallel to a possible cubic face.

A

Four-point diamond (Diamond Manufacturing Terms)

35
Q

Dutch term for a feather in a
diamond.

A

Gletz (Diamond Manufacturing Terms)

36
Q

Dutch term for a diamond that
has been cleaved, split, or sawn, but
not fashioned.

A

Kaps (Diamond Manufacturing Terms)

37
Q

The natural, unpolished surface of
a rough diamond.

A

Naif (Diamond Manufacturing Terms)

38
Q

A seventeenth-century term for
a diamond octahedron or other crystal shape
on which the natural faces are apparent.

A

Point naif (Diamond Manufacturing Terms)

39
Q

A small diamond with a sharp
edge, cemented into a dop and used to
kerf another diamond in preparation for
cleaving. Or, a small diamond used to
brute diamonds or round up a girdle in
the final stages of polishing.

A

Sharp (Diamond Manufacturing Terms)

40
Q

A person who splits a rough
diamond along a cleavage plane after it
has been kerfed by a laser. Not to be
confused with a cleaver, who is a master
craftsman

A

Splitter (Diamond Manufacturing Terms)

41
Q

A diamond with
its table nearly parallel to a possible octahedral face.

A

Three-point diamond (Diamond Manufacturing Terms)

42
Q

A diamond with grain
layers that are not on parallel planes, or
one with partial twinning

A

Twisted stone (Diamond Manufacturing Terms)

43
Q

A blocking technique in which
the diamond is turned to position the
softest polishing direction against the
polishing wheel

A

Twisting (Diamond Manufacturing Terms)

44
Q

A diamond on
which the table has been polished parallel
to a dodecahedral plane

A

Two-point diamond (Diamond Manufacturing Terms)

45
Q

A historic term once used in
Europe to describe either the color or the
transparency of a diamond.

A

Water (Diamond Manufacturing Terms)

46
Q

An early brilliant that has a circular girdle outline is called

A

old-European cut.

47
Q

The number of facets on a single-cut diamond is

A

17 or 18 facets.

48
Q

The cast-iron disc on which a diamond is polished is called a

A

scaife.

49
Q

The person who decides where to mark diamond rough for fashioning is called the

A

planner.

50
Q

The devices that grip and hold a diamond for polishing are known as the

A

dop and tang.

51
Q

A diamond cutter’s main objectives are to produce an attractive finished diamond and

A

maximize profits.

52
Q

In the cutting sequence, the crown and pavilion mains are polished by the

A

blocker.

53
Q

The rotary saw contributed to the diamond cutting industry by

A

allowing for greater weight retention from rough.

54
Q

The cutting style with a flat bottom and a variable number of facets that come to a peak at the top is the

A

rose cut.

55
Q

The size of a finished gem depends greatly upon the rough diamond’s

A

shape.

56
Q

The directional properties and structural features of a diamond crystal do not really matter in

A

laser sawing.

57
Q

The process of polishing the star and upper and lower half facets is called

A

brillianteering.

58
Q

When the rough has a frosty or non-transparent surface, the cutter can look for inclusions by

A

polishing a window to view the interior.

59
Q

To help determine crystal directions, diamond cutters look for

A

growth marks.

60
Q

A notch scratched into diamond rough to prepare it for cleaving is called a

A

kerf.

Diamonds & Diamond Grading (20 decks)

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