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Diamonds & Diamond Grading > Finding and Identifying Clarity Characteristics (Chapter 10, Key Terms, Key Concepts, & Diamond Clarity Characteristics) > Flashcards

Finding and Identifying Clarity Characteristics (Chapter 10, Key Terms, Key Concepts, & Diamond Clarity Characteristics) Flashcards

1
Q

Clarity characteristic that’s
confined to the surface of a polished
gemstone

A

Blemish

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2
Q

Internal or external
feature of a gemstone that helps determine
its quality and establish its identity

A

Clarity characteristic

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3
Q

Lighting of a diamond from the side against a black,
non-reflective background.

A

Darkfield illumination

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4
Q

The distance that’s clear
and sharp above and below a point you
focus on with a magnifier.

A

Depth of field

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5
Q

A position that orients a gemstone’s crown facets and table toward the
viewer.

A

Face-up

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6
Q

A trade term for any break in a
diamond.

A

Feather

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7
Q

A flash of changing color
seen in a fracture-filled diamond when you
look parallel to the filled inclusion and rock
the diamond back and forth under magnification.

A

Flash effect

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8
Q

Treatment that involves
injecting a molten glass substance into a
diamond’s surface-reaching feathers or
laser drill-holes.

A

Fracture filling

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9
Q

Clarity characteristic totally
enclosed in a polished gemstone or
extending into it from the surface.

A

Inclusion

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10
Q

Clarity grading is one of the most important
aspects of the GIA Diamond Grading System

A

Key Concept

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11
Q

Clarity characteristics determine a stone’s clarity
grade, help set its value, and help identify it

A

Key Concept

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12
Q

Your first impression of a diamond’s face-up
appearance should strongly influence its clarity
grade

A

Key Concept

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13
Q

Accurate clarity grading depends on a careful and
systematic examination of the diamond.

A

Key Concept

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14
Q

If a trained grader can’t see a clarity characteristic
at 10X, it doesn’t affect the clarity grade.

A

Key Concept

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15
Q

Use abbreviations to note inclusions and
blemishes.

A

Key Concept

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16
Q

You must disclose the presence of laser drilling

A

Key Concept

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17
Q

A natural can be considered a sign of efficient
cutting.

A

Key Concept

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18
Q

A mineral crystal contained in a diamond.

A

Crystal (Xtl) (INTERNAL INCLUSIONS)

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19
Q

A long, thin crystal that looks like a tiny rod at 10X

A

Needle (Ndl) (INTERNAL INCLUSIONS)

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20
Q

A very small included crystal that looks like a tiny dot at 10X

A

Pinpoint (Pp) (INTERNAL INCLUSIONS)

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21
Q

Many tightly grouped pinpoints that might be too small to
distinguish individually at 10X but together have a hazy appearance.

A

Cloud (Cld) (INTERNAL INCLUSIONS)

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22
Q

A series of pinpoints, clouds, or crystals that forms
in a diamond’s growth plane; associated with crystal distortion and twinning
planes

A

Twinning Wisp (TW) (INTERNAL INCLUSIONS RESULTING FROM CRYSTAL STRUCTURE)

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23
Q

Lines, angles, or curves that might appear whitish,
colored, or reflective or affect transparency at 10X; caused by irregularities
in crystal growth

A

Internal Graining (IG) (INTERNAL INCLUSIONS RESULTING FROM CRYSTAL STRUCTURE)

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24
Q

A type of internal graining that consists of a small,
concentrated area of crystal distortion; can be white or dark, and might
appear thread-like or pinpoint-like.

A

Grain Center (GC) (INTERNAL INCLUSIONS RESULTING FROM CRYSTAL STRUCTURE)

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25
Q

General trade term for a break in a gemstone. Often white
and feathery in appearance.

A

Feather (Ftr) (SURFACE-REACHING INCLUSIONS)

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26
Q

An angular opening that starts at the surface and
extends into the stone, often with striations perpendicular to its length.

A

Etch Channel (EC) (SURFACE-REACHING INCLUSIONS)

27
Q

Minute or minor feathers that run perpendicular to
a bruted girdle; referred to more generally as feathers in the girdle.

A

Bearded Girdle (BG) (SURFACE-REACHING INCLUSIONS)

28
Q

A tiny area of impact accompanied by very small, root-like
feathers visible at 10X magnification; typically occurs at a facet junction.

A

Bruise (Br) (SURFACE-REACHING INCLUSIONS)

29
Q

An included diamond crystal that extends to the surface after
fashioning.

A

Knot (K) (SURFACE-REACHING INCLUSIONS)

30
Q

Naturally occurring radiation stain left on a
polished diamond. Typically a blemish, but can be an inclusion if it extends
into the stone when viewed at 10X.

A

Patch of Color (Patch) (SURFACE-REACHING INCLUSIONS)

31
Q

A shallow opening caused by damage to the stone’s surface;
typically occurs at a girdle edge, facet junction, or culet.

A

Chip (Ch) (SURFACE-REACHING INCLUSIONS)

32
Q

An opening on the surface that occurs when part of a feather
breaks away, or when a crystal drops out or is forced out, typically during
polishing

A

Cavity (Cav) (SURFACE-REACHING INCLUSIONS)

33
Q

A portion of the rough’s original surface, or skin,
that dips below the polished diamond’s surface at 10X.

A

Indented Natural (IN) (SURFACE-REACHING INCLUSIONS)

34
Q

A tiny, surface-reaching tunnel produced by a laser
light beam.

A

Laser Drill-Hole (LDH) (INCLUSIONS CAUSED BY TREATMENT)

35
Q

Laser drilling within a diamond that doesn’t
reach the surface.

A

Internal Laser Drilling (ILD) (INCLUSIONS CAUSED BY TREATMENT)

36
Q

A small notch on a facet junction with no readily apparent depth
at 10X, usually along the girdle edge or at the culet.

A

Nick (Nck) (BLEMISHES CAUSED BY WEAR)

37
Q

A series of minute scratches or pits along the facet junctions
of a fashioned diamond; gives the edges a white or fuzzy appearance.

A

Abrasion (Abr) (BLEMISHES CAUSED BY WEAR)

38
Q

A thin, dull white line across the diamond’s surface; shows
no apparent depth at 10X.

A

Scratch (Scr) (BLEMISHES CAUSED BY WEAR)

39
Q

A small facet that’s not required by the cutting style,
placed without regard for the diamond’s symmetry; most often found near
the girdle.

A

Extra Facet (EF) (BLEMISHES INTRODUCED IN THE CUTTING PROCESS)

40
Q

A feature that resembles an extra facet but lacks a distinct
or straight facet junction

A

Polish Mark (BLEMISHES INTRODUCED IN THE CUTTING PROCESS)

41
Q

Wavy or bumpy area on the surface of a polished
diamond.

A

Lizard Skin (LS) (BLEMISHES INTRODUCED IN THE CUTTING PROCESS)

42
Q

Fine, parallel grooves and ridges left by polishing; can
occur on any facet but do not cross facet junctions; transparent or white.

A

Polish Lines (PL) (BLEMISHES INTRODUCED IN THE CUTTING PROCESS)

43
Q

Hazy surface area that results from excessive heat during
polishing or occasionally from a jeweler’s torch.

A

Burn (Brn) (BLEMISHES INTRODUCED IN THE CUTTING PROCESS)

44
Q

A surface burn caused by excessive heat at the location
where the dop touches the diamond.

A

Dop Burn (Dop) (BLEMISHES INTRODUCED IN THE CUTTING PROCESS)

45
Q

Irregular, pitted, or granular surface of a bruted girdle.

A

Rough Girdle (RG) (BLEMISHES INTRODUCED IN THE CUTTING PROCESS)

46
Q

A small opening that looks like a tiny white dot at 10X.

A

Pit (Pit) (BLEMISHES INTRODUCED IN THE CUTTING PROCESS)

47
Q

A portion of the original surface, or skin, of a rough diamond
left on a fashioned stone; usually on or near the girdle.

A

Natural (N) (BLEMISHES RESULTING FROM CRYSTAL STRUCTURE)

48
Q

Similar to internal graining, except it appears on
the surface; results from irregularities in the crystal structure.

A

Surface Graining (SG) (BLEMISHES RESULTING FROM CRYSTAL STRUCTURE)

49
Q

The inclusion called bearding consists of tiny

A

feathers.

50
Q

Which of the following is classified as an inclusion?

A

chip.

51
Q

Which of the following is not a diamond inclusion?

A

Gas bubble

52
Q

An example of a blemish is an

A

natural.

53
Q

Inclusions are easier to see using

A

darkfield illumination.

54
Q

A loupe used for clarity grading must be corrected for chromatic and

A

spherical distortion.

55
Q

A surface indentation with tiny, root-like feathers penetrating the stone is called a

A

bruise.

56
Q

An included diamond crystal that extends to the surface of a fashioned diamond is called a

A

knot.

57
Q

Trigons are

A

growth marks.

58
Q

A portion of the rough’s original surface, or skin, that dips below the polished diamond’s surface is called a(n)

A

indented natural.

59
Q

A clarity characteristic confined to the surface of a polished gemstone is called a(n)

A

blemish.

60
Q

A solid mineral body enclosed within a diamond (or other gem) is

A

an included crystal.

61
Q

A “paper-worn” diamond is one that has

A

abrasions.

62
Q

With darkfield illumination, light is directed into the stone from

A

the side. (against a black, non-reflective background)

63
Q

A term used to describe any break within a diamond is

A

feather.

Diamonds & Diamond Grading (20 decks)

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