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Anatomy. Equine. > The Equine Forelimb. The Carpus. > Flashcards

The Equine Forelimb. The Carpus. Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the carpal joint?

A

A compound synovial hinge joint.

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2
Q

What bones are involved in the carpal joint?

A

The distal aspects of the radius.

The proximal row of carpal bones.

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3
Q

Is the ulna involved in the carpus of the horse?

A

No.

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4
Q

What are the carpal bones involved in the first row of carpal bones from medial to lateral?

A

The radial carpal bone.

The intermediate carpal bone.

The ulna carpal bone.

The accessory carpal bone.

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5
Q

What carpal bones are found in the distal row of carpal bones?

A

Carpal bones 1, 2 ,3 and 4.

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6
Q

What carpal bone from the 2nd row of carpal bones is often not present?

A

Carpal bone 1.

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7
Q

If carpal bone 1 is located in the horse, where will it be located?

A

It will usually be isolated and it is embedded in the palmar carpal ligament behind the 2nd carpal bone.

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8
Q

What is the largest carpal bone in the 2nd row of carpal bones?

A

Carpal bone 3.

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9
Q

What is the radial carpal joint?

A

The point where the radius articulates with the carpus.

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10
Q

What is the middle carpal joint?

A

The joint that is between the proximal and distal row of carpal bones.

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11
Q

What is the carpometacarpal joint?

A

The joint between the distal carpal bones and the metacarpal bones.

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12
Q

What are the intercarpal joints?

A

Joints between the carpal bones of the same row.

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13
Q

What part of the carpus has the most movement?

A

The radio-carpal joint.

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14
Q

What part of the carpus has the least movement?

A

The carpo-metacarpal joint.

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15
Q

The joint capsule of the carpus is formed between what bones?

A

It extends from the radius and ulna and travels to the metacarpal bones.

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16
Q

On what aspects is the joint capsule of the carpus most thick?

A

On the palmar and dorsal aspects.

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17
Q

How does the extensor retincaculum affect the joint capsule of the carpus?

A

It helps to strengthen the joint capsule.

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18
Q

What tendons are surrounded by the extensor retinaculum?

A

The extensor tendons.

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19
Q

Where on the carpus is the extensor retinaculum found?

A

On the dorsal aspect.

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20
Q

What are the 3 major extensor tendons that are surrounded by the extensor retinaculum?

A

The common digital extensor tendon.

The extensor carpi radialis tendon.

The lateral digital extensor tendon.

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21
Q

What makes the joint capsule of the carpus thicker on the palmar aspect?

A

The extensor retinaculum.

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22
Q

Where does the extensor retinaculum extend to and from within the carpus?

A

From the palmar edge of the accessory bone to the mediopalmar aspect of the joint.

23
Q

What 3 things form the carpal canal?

A

The extensor retinaculum.

The flexor retinaculum.

The accessory carpal bone.

24
Q

What runs through the carpal canal?

A

The flexor tendons.

Arteries.

Nerves.

25
Q

What is formed by the distal end of the joint capsule of the carpus?

A

It forms the accessory ligament of the carpus or the inferior check ligament.

26
Q

Where does the accessory ligament of the carpus or the inferior check ligament run from and to?

A

From the joint capsule of the carpus to the deep digital flexor muscle/tendon.

27
Q

What is the thickening of the palmar aspect of the joint capsule of the carpus known as?

A

The palmar carpal ligament.

28
Q

What aspect of the carpus is the carpal canal found on?

A

On the medial aspect.

29
Q

What tendons are found in the carpal canal?

A

The superficial digital flexor tendon.

The deep digital flexor tendon.

30
Q

What 5 things are found in the carpal canal?

A

The superficial digital flexor tendon.

The deep digital flexor tendon.

The flexor carpi radialis muscle.

Nerves.

Blood vessels.

31
Q

What are the proximal, deep, superficial and distal boundaries of the carpal canal?

A

Proximal = Distal radius.

Deep = Palmar aspect of the joint capsule.

Superficial = Flexor retinaculum, accessory carpal bone and the medial and lateral collateral ligament.

Distal = Proximal extremity of the metacarpal bones.

32
Q

What is the carpal sheath?

A

A synovial membrane that surrounds the carpal canal and helps protect it.

33
Q

Are there any collateral ligaments associated with the carpus?

A

Yes, it has medial and lateral collateral ligaments.

34
Q

What is the shape of the 2 collateral ligaments of the carpus?

A

They both form a superficial and deep branch.

35
Q

Where do the collateral ligaments of the carpus run from and to?

A

From the radius to the metacarpal bones.

36
Q

Which of the carpal bones is most prone to fracture?

A

The accessory carpal bone.

37
Q

What is the function of the ligament of the accessory carpal bone?

A

They connect the accessory carpal bone to the carpus and to other surrounding regions.

38
Q

What ligaments join the accessory carpal bone to the ulnar carpal bone?

A

The proximal, middle and distal ligaments of the accessory carpal bone.

39
Q

What is the function of the accessorioulnar ligament?

A

It links the accessory carpal bone to the ulnar carpal bone.

40
Q

What is the function of the accessoriocarpalulnar ligament?

A

It links the accessory carpal bone to the 4th carpal bone.

41
Q

What is the function of the accessorioquartal ligament?

A

It links the accessory carpal bone to the lateral splint bone.

42
Q

What is the function of the accessoriometacarpal ligament?

A

It links the accessory carpal bone to the metacarpal bones.

43
Q

What is the function of the short ligaments of the carpus?

A

They join neighbouring carpal bones of the same rows.

44
Q

What is the makeup of the joint capsule of the carpus?

A

The fibrous outerlayer covers the whole joint.

The inner synovial layer forms 3 cavities.

45
Q

What are the 3 cavities that are formed by the synovial layer of the joint capsule?

A

The antebrachiocarpal cavity.

The middle carpal cavity.

The carpometacarpal cavity.

46
Q

What is the largest cavity within the joint capsule of the carpus?

A

The antebrachiocarpal cavity.

47
Q

Which 2 cavities of the joint capsule of the carpus can communicate with each other?

A

The middle carpal cavity can communicate with the carpometacarpal cavity.

48
Q

How large is the carpometacarpal cavity of the carpal joint?

A

Very small.

49
Q

Which component articulation of the carpus has the most movement?

A

The antebrachiocarpal joint.

50
Q

Is the carpus involved in shock absorption?

A

Yes.

51
Q

What kind of movements can be performed by the carpus?

A

Flexion and extension, with some abduction and adduction.

52
Q

What part of the carpus has the least movement?

A

The carpometacarpal joint.

53
Q

Are fractures of the carpus common in sport horses?

A

Yes.

54
Q

What is a common cause of carpal fractures in racehorses?

A

Overextension of the carpus.

Anatomy. Equine. (10 decks)

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