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Anatomy. Equine. > Muscles of the Equine Forelimb. > Flashcards

Muscles of the Equine Forelimb. Flashcards

1
Q

What is an additional pectoral muscle that is found in the horse?

A

The subclavius muscle.

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2
Q

The subclavis muscle is never found in what kind of animals?

A

Carnivores.

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3
Q

What are the 4 pectoral muscles that are found in the horse?

A

The descending pectoralis muscle.

The transverse pectoralis muscle.

The subclavius muscle.

The deep pectoral muscle.

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4
Q

What are the 2 superficial pectoral muscles in the horse?

A

The descending and transverse pectoralis muscles.

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5
Q

The subclavis muscle is a division of what other muscle?

A

The transverse pectoralis muscle.

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6
Q

Where on the horse is the subclavis muscle found?

A

On the cranial aspect of the deep pectoral muscle on the sternum.

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7
Q

What is the action of the subclavis muscle?

A

It complements the actions of the deep pectoral muscle.

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8
Q

What nerve supplies the subclavis muscle?

A

The pectoral nerve.

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9
Q

What leads to a sweeney in a horse?

A

Damage to the suprascapular nerve.

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10
Q

What are the effects of a sweeney?

A

Atrophy of the infra and supraspinatus muscles which leads to a visible spine of the scapula.

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11
Q

How does a sweeney affect the shoulder?

A

It causes the shoulder to slip laterally.

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12
Q

What nerve innervates the infra and supraspinatus muscles?

A

The suprascapular nerve.

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13
Q

Where does the biceps brachii muscle originate from in the horse?

A

The supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula.

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14
Q

The tendon of the biceps bracii is closely associated with what part of the humerus?

A

The proximal tubercles of the humerus.

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15
Q

How many tendons of insertion are there for the biceps brachii?

A

2.

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16
Q

Where do the 2 tendons of insertion for the biceps brachii originate from?

A

The radial tuberosity.

The extensor carpi radialis.

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17
Q

What is the lasertus fibrosis?

A

The tendon of insertion on the biceps brachii that runs from the muscle belly to the extensor carpi radialis and MC 3.

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18
Q

The biceps brachii inserts onto what bone

A

Onto metacarpal 3.

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19
Q

Tension in the lasertus fibrosis will affect what part of the lower limb?

A

Tension in the lasertus fibrosis affects the carpus.

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20
Q

What joints will the tendon of the biceps brachii pass over?

A

The shoulder.

The knee.

The elbow.

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21
Q

Where does the lasertus fibrosis run from an to?

A

From the muscle belly of the biceps brachii.

To the extensor carpi radialis which attaches to metacarpal 3.

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22
Q

The lasertus fibrosis is an important component of what equine mechanism?

A

The stay apparatus.

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23
Q

When will the lasertus fibrosis start to tense

A

When the animal starts to bear weight.

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24
Q

What happens when the lasertus fibrosis starts to tense?

A

It pulls on the biceps brachii muscle which extends the shoulder.

It also pulls on the extensor carpi radialis and this extends the carpus.

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25
What happens to the lasertus fibrosis when the limb is not bearing weight?
The lacertus fibrosis will be loose and this allows the limb to flex.
26
What muscle is the most important extensor of the elbow?
The triceps brachii.
27
What are the 3 heads of the triceps brachii muscle?
The long head. The lateral head. The medial head.
28
The 3 heads of the triceps brachii muscle insert onto what area?
The olecrannon.
29
Is the triceps brachii muscle involved in weight bearing?
Yes, as it is an important extensor muscle.
30
What head of the triceps muscle is missing in the horse?
The accessory head of the triceps.
31
Where do the lateral and medial heads of the triceps brachii originate from?
The humerus.
32
Where does the long head of the triceps brachii originate from?
The caudal border of the scapula.
33
Which head of the triceps brachii has a dual function?
The long head.
34
What is the dual function of the long head of the triceps brachii?
It can extend and flex the elbow.
35
What are the 3 major extensor muscles of the elbow?
The triceps brachii muscle. The tensor fascia latta muscle. The anconeus muscle.
36
Where is the tensor fascia latta muscle found on the horse?
On the caudal border of the long head of the triceps.
37
How many bursas are associated with the elbow joint in the horse?
2.
38
Where are the 2 bursas of the elbow joint located?
Between the triceps brachii and the olecrannon. Between the skin and the triceps brachii.
39
Which bursa of the elbow can often become inflamed?
The subcutaneous bursa.
40
What nerve supplies the tricpes brachii muscle in the horse?
The radial nerve.
41
The extensor muscles of the forelimb are located on what aspect of the limb?
On the craniolateral aspect of the distal humerus.
42
What helps to stabilise the extensor muscles of the forelimb?
The extensor retinaculum.
43
What is the function of the synovial sheaths and bursae of the extensor muscles?
It helps to lubricate the muscles.
44
What area of the forelimb do the extensor muscles insert onto?
The carpus. The metacarpus. The digits.
45
What is the function of the extensor muscles of the forelimb?
To extend the carpus and digits.
46
What is the nerve that innervates the extensor muscles of the forelimb?
The radial nerve.
47
What are the 5 extensor muscles of the carpus and digits?
Extensor carpis radialis muscle. Common digital extensor muscle. Lateral digital extensor muscle. Extensor carpi obliquus muscle. Ulnaris lateralis muscle.
48
The extensor muscles of the forelimb are on what aspect of the limb?
The craniolateral aspect.
49
What happens to the angle of the carpus when the extensor muscles contract?
The articular angle of the carpus will increase (extension).
50
What joints are affected by a tendon?
All joints proximal to the location where a tendon inserts onto.
51
By what other name is the extensor carpi obliquus also known as?
As the abductor pelicus longus.
52
Where does the extensor carpi obliquus originate from and insert onto?
It originates from the radius. It inserts onto the carpus.
53
What aspect of the forelimb are the flexor group of muscles found on?
On the caudomedial aspect of the distal humerus.
54
What is the function of the flexor retinaculum?
It secures the flexor muscles and tendons in place.
55
Where do the flexor muscles of the forelimb insert onto?
The carpus. The metacarpus. The digits.
56
What is the function of the flexor group of muscles of the forelimb?
To flex the carpus and the digits.
57
What 2 nerves supply the flexor group of muscles of the forelimb?
The ulnar nerve. The median nerve.
58
What are the 4 flexor muscles of the carpus?
The flexor carpi radialis muscle. The flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. The superficial digital flexor muscle. The deep digital flexor muscle.
59
What is the origin and insertion of the superficial digital flexor muscle?
Origin. Medial epicondyle of the humerus. Insertion. It forms 2 branches that insert onto the medial and lateral areas of P2. It also sends fibres to P1.
60
What is located between the 2 branches of the tendon of the superficial digital flexor muscle?
The deep digital flexor tendon.
61
What is the function of the superficial digital flexor muscle?
It flexes the proximal interphalangeal joint (fetlock). It stabilises the fetlock.
62
What is the proximal check ligament of the horse also known as?
The accessory ligament of the superficial digital flexorial.
63
What is the function of the proximal check ligament?
It attaches the superficial digital flexor tendon to the distomedial aspect of the radius.
64
Where is the proximal check ligament located on the equine forelimb?
Just proximally to the carpus.
65
The proximal check ligament is attached to what bone of the forelimb?
The radius.
66
What is the structure of all of the muscle structures distal to the carpus?
They are all tendinous.
67
What is the strongest metacarpal bone in the horse?
Metacarpal bone 3 (the cannon bone).
68
What splint bone articulates with the cannon bone?
The lateral splint bone (metacarpal 4).
69
What is the buttons of the equine forelimb?
The distal aspect of the lateral splint bone which is palpable.
70
The suspensory ligament of the equine forelimb runs along what aspect of the limb?
The palmar aspect of the cannon bone. It then branches proximally to the fetlock joint before attaching to the proximal sesamoid bone.
71
What is given off by the suspensory ligament after it has attached to the proximal sesamoid bone?
The extensor slips which insert onto the common digital extensor tendon.
72
The common digital extensor tendon inserts onto what bone?
P3.
73
What is the suspensory ligament also known as?
As the interossesus muscle. The proximal sesamoidean ligament. The superior sesamoidean ligament.
74
What ligament is an extension of the palmar carpal ligament?
The inferior check ligament.
75
The inferior check ligament branches off the palmar carpal ligament at what point?
After it has inserted onto the DDFT.
76
By what names is the inferior check ligament also known as?
As the distal check ligament. As the accessory ligament of the DDFT.
77
The accessory ligament of the superficial digital flexor tendon originates from what area of the limb?
From the caudomedial aspect of the radius and it inserts onto the superficial digital flexor tendon.
78
What other names is the accessory ligament of the superficial digital flexor also known as?
The proximal check ligament. The superior check ligament. The radial check ligament.
79
What is the manica flexoria?
A tube that surrounds the DDFT just proximal to the metacarpophalangeal joint.
80
What forms the manica flexoria?
The superficial digital flexor tendon.
81
How many origins does the deep digital flexor muscle have?
5 origins and this forms 5 muscle bellies.
82
What forms the deep digital flexor tendon?
The 5 muscle bellies of the deep digital flexor muscle.
83
What is the pathway of the deep digital flexor tendon?
It travels along the flexor side of the carpus. It enters the carpal canal. It passes between the proximal sesamoid bones. It passes through the branch of the SDFT and over the distal sesamoid bone.
84
What structure encloses the superficial digital flexor tendon and the deep digital flexor tendon?
The carpal synovial sheath.
85
Where does the deep digital flexor tendon insert onto?
Onto the flexor surface of the distal phalanx.
86
What is the action of the deep digital flexor muscle?
It flexes the distal interphalangeal joint and this means it flexes the foot.
87
Where does the straight sesamoidean ligament insert onto?
Onto the fibrocartilage lip that is found on the palmar aspect of P2.
88
Where is the navicular bone located on the forelimb?
Between P2 and the coffin bone.
89
What makes up the suspensory apparatus of the navicular bone?
The suspensory ligaments of the medial and lateral collateral sesamoidean ligaments.
90
Where are the suspensory ligaments of the medial and lateral collateral sesamoidean ligaments found?
On the medial and lateral aspects of P1.
91
What is the function of the distal impar ligament?
It attaches the navicular bone to the coffin bone.
92
Where is the navicular bursa located?
Between the deep digital flexor tendon and the navicular bone.
93
What holds the distal parts of the digital flexor tendons in place?
Annular ligaments.
94
What are the 3 annular ligaments that hold the distal parts of the digital flexor tendons in place?
The palmar annular ligament. The proximal digital annular ligament. The distal digital annular ligament.
95
What is the interosseus muscle also known as?
As the suspensory ligament.
96
What is the origin and insertion of the interosseus muscle?
It arises from the palmar carpal ligament and the cannon bone. It attaches to the proximal sesamoid bones.

Anatomy. Equine. (10 decks)

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