The Enlightenment Flashcards
The Enlightenment
intellectual movement that applied the principles of the Scientific Revolution in order to promote societal progress
Emphasis on the use of ______and inquiry to solve political, economic, and social problems.
Reason
Belief that ________could and should be achieved.
Progress
Belief in _______and the social contract
Liberty
Belief that humans are endowed with certain _______rights and operate according to natural laws.
Natural
Deism
Belief that God made the world according to natural laws, but does not interfere with human affairs. Often leads to religious toleration
Leviathan
Argues for a social contract and rule by absolute sovereign and war could be avoided by a strong government
Hobbes’ social contract
Human beings should make a social contract with this monarch and surrender all of their freedom to the government in exchange for protection
Two Treatises of Government
Argues that people form a government through a social contract to preserve their inalienable rights to life, liberty and property
Locke’s social contract
Government is based on a social contract in which people surrender some of their freedom to the government in exchange for protection. If the government does not protect peoples’ natural rights, people have the right to overthrow it
Immanuel Kant
“Dare to know! Have the courage to use your own intelligence!”
Montesquieu
Idea of checks and balances: each branch should have the ability to check the power of the other branch
Candide
Satire of optimism and belief that we live in the “best of all possible worlds”
Rousseau
“noble savage”, “general will”
A Vindication of the Rights of Women
Argues that motherhood would be easier if a woman was educated in the same way a man was and encouraged to work in the same way a man was
