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[MT] Lesson 6: Male and Female Reproductive Systems and the Endocrine System > The Endocrine System Terms > Flashcards

The Endocrine System Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenal Cortex

A

Outer portion of adrenal glands; secretes several families of hormones: mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and steroid sex hormones

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2
Q

Adrenal Glands

A

Pair of glands in endocrine system located just above each kidney; glands are composed of two sections, cortex and medulla, that function independently of each other; cortex secretes steroids, such as aldosterone, cortisol, androgens, estrogens, and progestins; medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine; adrenal glands are regulated by adrenocorticotropin hormone, which is secreted by pituitary gland

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3
Q

Adrenaline

A

Hormone produced by adrenal medulla; also known as ‘epinephrine’; some of its actions include increasing heart rate and force of contraction, bronchodilation, and relation of intestinal muscles

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4
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A

Inner portion of adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

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5
Q

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

A

Hormone secreted by anterior pituitary; regulates function of adrenal gland cortex

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6
Q

Aldosterone

A

Hormone produced by adrenal cortex; regulates levels of sodium and potassium in body and as a side effect volume of water lost in urine

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7
Q

Androgen

A

Class of steroid hormones secreted by adrenal cortex; these hormones, such as testosterone, produce a masculinizing effect

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8
Q

Anterior Lobe

A

Anterior portion of pituitary gland; secretes adrenocorticotropin hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, growth hormone, luteinizing hormone, melanocyte-stimulating hormone, prolactin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone

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9
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

A

Hormone secreted by posterior pituitary; promotes water reabsorption by kidney tubules

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10
Q

Calcitonin (CT)

A

Hormone secreted by thyroid gland; stimulates deposition of calcium into bone

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11
Q

Calcium (Ca[+])

A

Inorganic substance found in plasma; is important for bones, muscles, and nerves

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12
Q

Circadian Rhythm

A

24-hour clock that governs our periods of wakefulness and sleepiness

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13
Q

Corticosteroids

A

General term for group of hormones secreted by adrenal cortex; they include mineralocorticoid hormones, glucocorticoid hormones, and steroid sex hormones; used as medication for its strong anti-inflammatory properties

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14
Q

Cortisol

A

Steroid hormone secreted by adrenal cortex; regulates carbohydrate metabolism

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15
Q

Endocrine Glands

A

Glandular system that secretes hormones directly into bloodstream rather than into duct; endocrine glands are frequently referred to as ductless glands; endocrine system includes thyroid gland, adrenal glands, parathyroid glands, pituitary gland, pancreas (islets of Langerhans), testes, ovaries, and thymus gland

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16
Q

Endocrine System

A

Body system consisting of glands that secrete hormones directly into blood stream; endocrine glands include adrenal glands, parathyroid gland, pancreas, pituitary gland, testes, ovaries, thymus gland, and thyroid gland

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17
Q

Epinephrine

A

Hormone produced by adrenal medulla; also known as ‘adrenaline’; some of its actions include increased heart rate and force of contraction, bronchodilation, and relaxation of intestinal muscles

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18
Q

Estrogen

A

One of hormones produced by ovaries; works with progesterone to control menstrual cycle and is responsible for producing secondary sexual characteristics

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19
Q

Exocrine Glands

A

Glands that secrete substances into a duct; examples include tears and tear ducts

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20
Q

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

A

Hormone secreted by anterior pituitary gland; stimulates growth of eggs in females and sperm in males

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21
Q

Gametes

A

Reproductive sex cells–ova and sperm

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22
Q

Glands

A

Organs of body that release secretions; exocrine glands, like sweat glands, release their secretions into ducts; endocrine glands, such as thyroid gland, release their hormones directly into blood stream

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23
Q

Glucagon

A

Hormone secreted by pancreas; stimulates liver to release glucose into blood

24
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

Group of hormones secreted by adrenal cortex; regulate carbohydrate levels in body; cortisol is an example

25
Gonadotropins
Common name for follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone
26
Growth Hormone (GH)
Hormone secreted by anterior pituitary that stimulates growth of body
27
Hormone
Chemical substance secreted by endocrine gland; enters blood stream and is carried to target tissue; hormones work to control functioning of target tissue; given to replace loss of natural hormones or to treat disease by stimulating hormonal effects
28
Hypothalamus
Portion of diencephalon that lies just below thalamus; controls body temperature, appetite, sleep, sexual desire, and emotions such as fear; also regulates release of hormones from pituitary gland and regulates parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems
29
Insulin
Hormone secreted by pancreas; regulates level of sugar in blood stream; the more insulin present in blood, the lower blood sugar will be
30
Iodine
Mineral required by thyroid to produce its hormones
31
Islets of Langerhans
Regions within pancreas that secrete insulin and glucagon
32
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Hormone secreted by anterior pituitary; regulates function of male and female gonads and plays a role in releasing ova in females
33
Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH)
Hormone secreted by anterior pituitary; stimulates pigment production in skin
34
Melatonin
Hormone secreted by pineal gland; plays a role in regulating body's circadian rhythm
35
Mineralocorticoids
Group of hormones secreted by adrenal cortex; regulate electrolytes and fluid volume in body; aldosterone is an example
36
Norepinephrine
Hormone secreted by adrenal medulla; a strong vasoconstrictor
37
Oxytocin
Hormone secreted by posterior pituitary; stimulates uterine contractions during labor and delivery
38
Pancreas
Organ in digestive system that produces digestive enzymes; also a gland in endocrine system that produces two hormones, insulin and glucagon
39
Parathyroid Glands
Four small glands located on back surface of thyroid gland; parathyroid hormone secreted by these glands regulates amount of calcium in blood
40
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Hormone secreted by parathyroid glands; the more hormone, the higher the calcium level in blood and lower the level stored in bone; low hormone level will cause tetany
41
Pineal Gland
Gland in endocrine system that produces hormone called melatonin
42
Pituitary Gland
Endocrine gland located behind optic nerve in brain; also called 'master gland' since it controls functions of many other endocrine glands; is divided into two lobes: anterior and posterior; anterior pituitary gland secretes hormones that aid in controlling growth and stimulating thyroid gland, sexual glands, and adrenal cortex; posterior pituitary is responsible for anti-diuretic hormone and oxytocin
43
Posterior Lobe
Posterior portion of pituitary gland; secretes anti-diuretic hormone and oxytocin
44
Progesterone
One of hormones produced by ovaries; works with estrogen to control menstrual cycle
45
Prolactin (PRL)
Hormone secreted by anterior pituitary; stimulates milk production
46
Somatotropin
Another name for growth hormone; hormone that promotes growth of body by stimulating cells to rapidly increase in size and divide
47
Steroid Sex Hormones
Class of hormones secreted by adrenal cortex; includes aldosterone, cortisol, androgens, estrogens, and progestins
48
Target Organs
Organs that hormones act on to either increase or decrease organ's activity level
49
T Cells
Lymphocytes active in cellular immunity
50
Thalamus
Portion of diencephalon; composed of gray matter and acts as center for relaying impulses from eyes, ears, and skin to cerebrum; pain perception is also controlled by thalamus
51
Thymosin
Hormone secreted by thymus gland; causes lymphocytes to change into T lymphocytes
52
Thymus Gland
Endocrine gland located in upper mediastinum that assists body with immune function and development of antibodies; as part of immune response is secretes hormone, thymosin, that changes lymphocytes to T cells
53
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Hormone secreted by anterior pituitary; regulates function of thyroid gland
54
Thyroid Gland
Endocrine gland located on either side of trachea; shape resembles butterfly with large left and right lobe connected by narrow isthmus; gland produces hormones thyroxine (also known as T[4]) and triiodothyronine (also known as T[3])
55
Thyroxine (T[4])
Hormone produced by thyroid gland; also known as T[4] and requires iodine for production; hormone regulates level of cell metabolism;; the greater the level of hormone in the bloodstream, the higher cell metabolism will be
56
Trilodothyronine (T[3])
Hormone produced by thyroid gland known as T[3] that requires iodine for its production; hormone regulates level of cell metabolism; the greater the level of hormone in bloodstream, the higher cell metabolism will be

[MT] Lesson 6: Male and Female Reproductive Systems and the Endocrine System (28 decks)

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