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[MT] Lesson 6: Male and Female Reproductive Systems and the Endocrine System > The Endocrine System Pathology > Flashcards

The Endocrine System Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrinology

A

Branch of medicine involving diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of endocrine glands. Physician is an ‘endocrinologist.’

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2
Q

Adrenomegaly

A

Having one or both adrenal glands enlarged

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3
Q

Adrenopathy

A

General term for adrenal gland disease

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4
Q

Edema

A

Condition in which the body tissues contain excessive amounts of fluid

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5
Q

Endocrinopathy

A

General term for diseases of the endocrine system

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6
Q

Exophthalmos

A

Condition in which the eyeballs protrude, such as in Graves’ disease. This is generally caused by an overproduction of thyroid hormone

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7
Q

Glycosuria

A

Having a high level of sugar excreted in the urine

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8
Q

Gynecomastia

A

Development of breast tissue in males. May be a symptom of adrenal feminization

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9
Q

Hirsutism

A

Condition of having an excessive amount of hair. Term generally used to describe females who have the adult male pattern of hair growth. Can be the result of a hormonal imbalance

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10
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Condition of having a high level of calcium in the blood; associated with hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone

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11
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

Condition of having a high level of sugar in the blood; associated with diabetes melllitus

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12
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

The condition of having a high level of potassium in the blood

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13
Q

Hypersecretion

A

Excessive hormone production by an endocrine gland

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14
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

The condition of having a low level of calcium in the blood; associated with hyposecretion of parathyroid hormone. Hypocalcemia may result in tetany

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15
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Condition of having a low level of sugar in the blood

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16
Q

Hyponatremia

A

Condition of having a low level of sodium in the blood

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17
Q

Hyposecretion

A

Deficient hormone production by an endocrine gland

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18
Q

Obesity

A

Having an abnormal amount of fat in the body

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19
Q

Polydipsia

A

Excessive feeling of thirst

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20
Q

Polyuria

A

Condition of producing an excessive amount of urine

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21
Q

Syndrome

A

Group of symptoms and signs that, when combined, present a clinical picture of a disease or condition

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22
Q

Thyromegaly

A

Having an enlarged thyroid gland

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23
Q

Addison’s Disease

A

Disease named for British physician Thomas Addison; results from a deficiency in adrenocortical hormones. There may be an increased pigmentation of the skin, generalized weakness, and weight loss

24
Q

Adrenal Feminization

A

Development of female secondary sexual characteristics (such as breasts) in a male. Often as a result of increased estrogen secretion by the adrenal cortex

25
Q

Adrenal Virilism

A

Development of male secondary sexual characteristics (such as deeper voice and facial hair) in a female. Often as a result of increased androgen secretion by the adrenal cortex

26
Q

Adrenalitis

A

Inflammation of one or both adrenal glands

27
Q

Cushing’s Syndrome

A

Set of symptoms caused by excessive levels of cortisol due to high doses of corticosteroid drugs and adrenal tumors. the syndrome may present symptoms of weakness, edema, excess hair growth, skin discoloration, and oseoporosis

28
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

Usually benign tumor of the adrenal medulla that secretes epinephrine. Symptoms include anxiety, heart palpitations, dyspnea, profuse sweating, headache, and nausea

29
Q

Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

A

Chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism resulting in hyperglycemia and glycosuria. There are two distinct forms of diabetes mellitus: insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or type 1, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or type 2

30
Q

Diabetic Retinopathy

A

Secondary complication of diabetes that affects the blood vessels of the retina, resulting in visual changes and even blindness

31
Q

Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM)

A

Also called ‘type 1 diabetes mellitus.’ It develops early in life when the pancreas stops insulin production. Patient must take daily insulin injections

32
Q

Insulinoma

A

Tumor of the islets of Langerhans cells of the pancreas that secretes an excessive amount of insulin

33
Q

Ketoacidosis

A

Acidosis due to an excess of acidic ketone bodies (waste products). A serious condition requiring immediate treatment that can result in death for the diabetic patient if not reversed. Also called ‘diabetic acidosis.’

34
Q

Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

A

Also called ‘type 2 diabetes mellitus.’ It typically develops later in life. The pancreas produces normal to high levels of insulin, but the cells fail to respond to it. Patients may take oral hypoglycemics to improve insulin function, or may eventually have to take insulin

35
Q

Peripheral Neuropathy

A

Damage to the nerves in the lower legs and hands as a result of diabetes mellitus. Symptoms include either extreme sensitivity or numbness and tingling

36
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

A

Hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone; may result in hypercalcemia and Recklinghausen disease

37
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

Hyposecretion of parathyroid hormone; may result in hypocalcemia and tetany

38
Q

Recklinghausen Disease

A

Excessive production of parathyroid hormone resulting in degeneration of the bones

39
Q

Tetany

A

Nerve irritability and painful muscle cramps resulting from hypocalcemia. Hypoparathyroidism is one cause of tetany

40
Q

Acromegaly

A

Chronic disease of adults that results in an elongation and enlargement of the bones of the head and extremities. There can also be mood changes. Due to an excessive amount of growth hormone in an adult

41
Q

Diabetes Insipidus (DI)

A

Disorder caused by the inadequate secretion of anti-diuretic hormone by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. There may be polyuria and polydipsia

42
Q

Dwarfism

A

Condition of being abnormally short in height. It may be the result of a hereditary condition or lack of growth hormone

43
Q

Gigantism

A

Excessive development of the body due to the overproduction of the growth hormone by the pituitary gland in a child or teenager. The opposite of dwarfism

44
Q

Hyperpituitarism

A

Hypersecretion of one or more pituitary gland hormones

45
Q

Hypopituitarism

A

Hyposecretion of one or more pituitary gland hormones

46
Q

Panhypopituitarism

A

Deficiency in all the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland. Often recognized because of problems with the glands regulated by the pituitary–adrenal cortex, thyroid, ovaries, and testes

47
Q

Thymitis

A

Inflammation of the thymus gland

48
Q

Thymoma

A

A tumor in the thymus gland

49
Q

Cretinism

A

Congenital condition in which a lack of thyroid hormones may result in arrested physical and mental development

50
Q

Goiter

A

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

51
Q

Graves’ Disease

A

Condition named for Irish physician Robert Graves that results in overactivity of the thyroid gland and can cause a crisis situation. Symptoms include exophthalmos and goiter. A type of ‘hyperthyroidism.’

52
Q

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

A

Chronic autoimmune form of thyroiditis; results in hyposecretion of thyroid hormones

53
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Hypersecretion of thyroid gland hormones

54
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Hyposecretion of thyroid gland hormones

55
Q

Myxedema

A

Condition resulting from a hyposecretion of the thyroid gland in an adult. Symptoms can include anemia, slow speech, swollen facial features, edematous skin, drowsiness, and mental lethargy

56
Q

Thyrotoxicosis

A

Condition resulting from marked overproduction of the thyroid gland. Symptoms include rapid heart action, tremors, enlarged thyroid gland, exophthalmos, and weight loss

57
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

Cancerous tumor in a gland that is capable of producing the hormones secreted by that gland. One cause of hypersecretion pathologies

[MT] Lesson 6: Male and Female Reproductive Systems and the Endocrine System (28 decks)

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