Female Reproductive System Pathology

Question 1

Gynecology (GYN)

Answer 1

Branch of medicine specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions of the female reproductive system. Physician is called a ‘gynecologist.’

Question 2

Neonatology

Answer 2

Branch of medicine specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions involving newborns. Physician is called a ‘neonatologist.’

Question 3

Obstetrics (OB)

Answer 3

Branch of medicine specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of women during pregnancy and childbirth, and immediately after childbirth. Physician is called an ‘obstetrician.’

Question 4

Amenorrhea

Answer 4

Condition of having no menstrual flow

Question 5

Amniorrhea

Answer 5

Flow of amniotic fluid when the amnion ruptures

Question 6

Dysmenorrhea

Answer 6

Condition of having abnormal or painful menstrual flow

Question 7

Dystocia

Answer 7

Difficult labor and childbirth

Question 8

Hematosalpinx

Answer 8

Presence of blood in a uterine tube

Question 9

Mastalgia

Answer 9

Breast pain

Question 10

Menorrhagia

Answer 10

Condition of having abnormally heavy menstrual flow during normal menstruation time

Question 11

Metrorrhagia

Answer 11

Term is used to describe uterine bleeding between menstrual periods

Question 12

Metrorrhea

Answer 12

Having a discharge (such as mucus or pus) from the uterus that is not the menstrual flow

Question 13

Oligomenorrhea

Answer 13

Condition of having light menstrual flow

Question 14

Oophoritis

Answer 14

Inflammation of the ovary

Question 15

Ovarian Carcinoma

Answer 15

Cancer of the ovary

Question 16

Ovarian Cyst

Answer 16

Cyst that develops within the ovary. These may be multiple cysts and may rupture, causing pain and bleeding

Question 17

Pyosalpinx

Answer 17

Presence of pus in a uterine tube

Question 18

Salpingitis

Answer 18

Inflammation of the uterine tube

Question 19

Cervical Cancer

Answer 19

Malignant growth in the cervix. Some cases are caused by the ‘human papilloma virus’ (HPV), a sexually transmitted virus for which there is now a vaccine. An especially difficult type of cancer to treat that causes 5% of the cancer deaths in women. Pap smear tests have helped to detect early cervical cancer

Question 20

Endocervicitis

Answer 20

Inflammation that occurs within the cervix

Question 21

Endometrial Cancer

Answer 21

Cancer of the endometrial lining of the uterus

Question 22

Endometritis

Answer 22

Inflammation of the endometrium (inner layer of the uterine wall)

Question 23

Fibroid Tumor

Answer 23

Benign tumor or growth that contains fiber-like tissue. Uterine fibroid tumors are the most common tumors in women

Question 24

Hysterorrhexis

Answer 24

Rupture of the uterus; may occur during labor

Question 25

Menometrorrhagia

Answer 25

Excessive bleeding during the menstrual period and at intervals between menstrual periods

Question 26

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

Answer 26

Symptoms that develop just prior to the onset of a menstrual period, which can include irritability, headache, tender breasts, and anxiety

Question 27

Prolapsed Uterus

Answer 27

Fallen uterus that can cause the cervix to protrude through the vaginal opening. Generally caused by weakened muscles from vaginal delivery or as the result of pelvic tumors pressing down

Question 28

Candidiasis

Answer 28

Yeast infection of the skin and mucous membranes that can result in white plaques on the tongue and vagina

Question 29

Cystocele

Answer 29

Hernia or outpouching of the bladder that protrudes into the vagina. This may cause urinary frequency and urgency

Question 30

Rectocele

Answer 30

Protrusion or herniation of the rectum into the vagina

Question 31

Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

Answer 31

Rare and sometimes fatal staphylococcus infection that generally occurs in menstruating women. Initial infection of the vagina is associated with prolonged wearing of a super-absorbent tampon

Question 32

Vaginitis

Answer 32

Inflammation of the vagina

Question 33

Endometriosis

Answer 33

Abnormal condition of endometrium tissue appearing throughout the pelvis or on the abdominal wall. This tissue is normally found within the uterus

Question 34

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Answer 34

Chronic or acute infection, usually bacterial, that has ascended through the female reproductive organs and out into the pelvic cavity. May result in scarring that interferes with fertility

Question 35

Perimetritis

Answer 35

Inflammation in the pelvic cavity around the outside of the uterus

Question 36

Breast Cancer

Answer 36

Malignant tumor of the breast. Usually forms in the milk-producing gland tissue or the lining of the milk ducts

Question 37

Fibrocystic Breast Disease

Answer 37

Benign cysts forming in the breast

Question 38

Mastitis

Answer 38

Inflammation of the breast

Question 39

Abruptio Placentae

Answer 39

Emergency condition in which the placenta tears away from the uterine wall prior to delivery of the infant. Requires immediate delivery of the baby

Question 40

Eclampsia

Answer 40

Further worsening of preeclampsia symptoms with the addition of seizures and coma; may occur between the 20th week of pregnancy and up to 6 weeks postpartum

Question 41

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN)

Answer 41

Condition developing in the baby when the mother's blood type is Rh-negative and the baby's blood is Rh-positive. Antibodies in the mother's blood enter the fetus's bloodstream through the placenta and destroy the fetus's red blood cells, causing anemia, jaundice, and enlargement of the spleen. Treatment is early diagnosis and blood transfusion. Also called 'erythroblastosis fetalis.'

Question 42

Infertility

Answer 42

Inability to produce children. Generally defined as no pregnancy after properly timed intercourse for 1 year

Question 43

Placenta Previa

Answer 43

A placenta that is implanted in the lower portion of the uterus and, in turn, blocks the birth canal

Question 44

Preeclampsia

Answer 44

Metabolic disease of pregnancy. If untreated, it may progress to eclampsia. Symptoms include hypertension, headaches, albumin in the urine, and edema. May occur between the 20th week of pregnancy and up to 6 weeks postpartum. Also called 'toxemia' or 'pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH).'

Question 45

Prolapsed Umbilical Cord

Answer 45

When the umbilical cord of the baby is expelled first during delivery and is squeezed between the baby's head and the vaginal wall. This presents an emergency situation since the baby's circulation is compromised

Question 46

Pseudocyesis

Answer 46

Condition in which the body reacts as if there is a pregnancy (especially hormonal changes), but there is no pregnancy

Question 47

Salpingocyesis

Answer 47

Pregnancy that occurs in the uterine tube instead of in the uterus

Question 48

Spontaneous Abortion

Answer 48

Unplanned loss of a pregnancy due to the death of the embryo or fetus before the time it is viable, commonly referred to as a 'miscarriage.'

Question 49

Stillbirth

Answer 49

Birth in which a viable-aged fetus dies shortly before or at the time of delivery