The Endocrine System Part 2 Flashcards
list the three main bodily functions the pituitary gland is involved in
growth, reproduction and metabolism
what connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus
the infundibulum
how many distinct lobes does the pituitary gland have
two distinct lobes
what controls the hormones released by the pituitary gland
the hypothalamus
what is the anterior pituitary gland made of
glandular epithelial tissue - adenohypophysis
the hormones from the anterior pituitary are not secreted at a constant rate, what is the rate of secretion controlled by
the regulation is controlled by hypothalamic tropic hormones and feedback
how is the anterior pituitary gland connected to the hypothalamus in terms of vessels
by a capillary-capillary connection
what is the capillary-capillary connection linking the anterior pituitary gland to the hypothalamus called
the hypothalamic hypophyseal portal system
how many peptide hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
six peptide hormones
are all the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland tropic
no babes, some aren’t tropic
list the six hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follice stimulating hormone, leutenizing hormone, prolactin
what is another name for the growth hormone
somatotropin
what is the function of the growth hormone/somatotropin
to regulate overall body growth and has important metabolic effects
what is the function of the thyroid stimulating hormone
stimulate thyroid hormone secretion - promotes growth of the thyroid gland
what is the function of the adrenocorticotropic hormone
stimulate cortisol secretion by the adrenal cortex and promotes the growth of the adrenal cortex
what is the overall function of the follicle stimulating hormone
helps to regulate gamete production in both sexes
what is the function of the follicle stimulting hormone in females
growth and development of ovarian follicles, secretion of oestrogen
what is the function of the follicle stimulating hormone in males
sperm production
what is the function of the leutenising hormone overall
helps control sex hormone secretion in both sexes
what sex hormone does the leuenizing hormone help to control in females
oestrogen and progesterone by the ovaries
what sex hormone does the leutenisizng hormone help to control in males
testosterone by testes
what are some important actions leutenising hormone has in females other than just the control of oestrogen and progesterone by the ovaries
ovulation and luteinisation
what function does prolactin have in males and females
in females it enhances breast development and lactation, in males the function is unknown
the six anterior pituitary hormones are regulated by what
hypothalamic hormones and feedback from target organs
what are somatotropes
Somatotropes (from the Greek sōmat meaning “body” and trophē meaning “nourishment; development”) are cells in the anterior pituitary that produce growth hormone.
what are thyrotropes
Thyrotropes (also called thyrotrophs) are endocrine cells in the anterior pituitary which produce thyroid stimulating hormone
what are corticotropes
cells that secrete adrenocortiotropic hormone
what are gondotropes
Gonadotropic cells are endocrine cells in the anterior pituitary that produce the gonadotropins, such as the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
what are lactotropes
Prolactin cell (also known as epsilon acidophil, lactotrope, lactotropic cell, lactotroph, mammatroph, mammotroph) is a cell in the anterior pituitary which produces prolactin
what type of tissue does the posterior pituitary gland have
nervous tissue - it is not as glandular as the anterior
what is another name for the posterior pituitary gland - often called this because it isn’t as glandular as the anterior pituitary gland
neurohypophysis
the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary gland come together in what system
the neuroendocrine system
how many peptide hormones does the posterior pituitary gland release
two
what are the two peptide hormones the posterior pituitary gland releases
vasopressin/ADH and oxytocin
how is vasopressin and oxytocin synthesised
by neuronal cell bodies in the hypothalamus
where are the 2 peptide hormones from the posterior pituitary gland stored
in the posterior pituitary neuronal terminals
how are the 2 peptide hormones, vasopressin and oxytocin released
independently released by exocytosis, carried through the blood
how many adrenal glands are there in the body
two
where are the adrenal glands situated
one on top of each kidney
list the five different parts of the adrenal glands (sort of as in the layers lol)
capsule, zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis and the adrenal medulla
what makes up the adrenal cortex of the adrenal gland
capsule, zona glomerulosa, zona fasciulata and the zona reticularis
where are the steroid secreting cells of the adrenal glands found
in the adrenal cortex
where are the catecholamine secreting cells found in the adrenal glands
in the medulla
what are the catecholamine secreting cells called
chromaffin cells
what are adrenocorticoids
the adrenocorticoids are the steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex