The endocrine system III

Question 1

What does the affinity of a hormone receptor represent?

Answer 1

The % of bound hormone at a certain conc

Question 2

What would a hormone receptor having a high affinity mean?

Answer 2

A higher % bound hormone at the same concentration

Question 3

What would a hormone receptor having a low affinity mean?

Answer 3

A lower % bound hormone at the same conc

Question 4

What is the saturation point of a hormone/its receptors?

Answer 4

All the available receptors have a bound hormone

Question 5

What is the relationship between the affinity of a receptor and its saturation point?

Answer 5

The higher the affinity, the quicker (i.e. at a lower hormone conc) the saturation point will be reached

Question 6

What can the number of receptors be regulated by?

Answer 6

The availability of the hormone in the blood plasma

Question 7

What is down regulation of hormone receptors?

Answer 7

When the blood hormone conc is low, the # of receptors is low

Question 8

What is up regulation of hormone receptors?

Answer 8

When the blood conc of the hormone is high, the # of receptors increases

Question 9

What does a hormone having a permissive role mean?

Answer 9

It can regulate the receptors for other hormones

Question 10

What is an example of a permissive role?

Answer 10

Epinephrine and thyroid hormone

Question 11

How many fatty acids are released when just thyroid hormone is present?

Answer 11

Little to none

Question 12

How many fatty acids are released when epinephrine is present?

Answer 12

Small amount

Question 13

How many fatty acids are released when both epinephrine and thyroid hormone are released?

Answer 13

Large amount

Question 14

What are the four types of endocrine disorder?

Answer 14

Hyposecretion, hypersecretion, hyporesponsiveness, hyperresponeiveness

Question 15

What is hyposecretion of a hormone?

Answer 15

Too little hormone is secreted

Question 16

What is a disease that involves hyposecretion?

Answer 16

Type 1 diabetes

Question 17

What is hypersecretion?

Answer 17

Too much hormone is secreted

Question 18

What usually causes hypersecretion?

Answer 18

An endocrine tumor

Question 19

What is an example of a consequence of hypersecretion?

Answer 19

Hypersecretion of ADH leads to higher water retention

Question 20

Why does hypersecretion of ADH lead to higher water retention?

Answer 20

The collecting duct will be more permeable to water (more aquaporins) so more water is reabsorbed into the capillary bed in the kidneys

Question 21

What is hyporesponsiveness?

Answer 21

Reduced responsiveness of the target cells to physiological levels of hormones

Question 22

What is an example of a disease caused by hyporesponsiveness?

Answer 22

Type 2 diabetes

Question 23

What is hyperresponsiveness?

Answer 23

Increased responsiveness of the target cells to physiological levels of hormone

Question 24

What can hyperthyroidism cause?

Answer 24

Increased heart rate

Question 25

Why can hyperthyroidism cause increased heart rate?

Answer 25

Increased epinephrine receptor numbers

Question 26

What can be a cause of hyperresponsiveness?

Answer 26

Increased receptor number on the target cells

Question 27

What is the hypothalamus known as?

Answer 27

Master gland

Question 28

Why is the hypothalamus known as the master gland?

Answer 28

Many of the hormones it secretes are tropic hormones