The endocrine system

Question 1

What kind of responses is the endocrine system used for?

Answer 1

Slower and more prolonged responses

Question 2

What do endocrine cells secrete?

Answer 2

Hormones

Question 3

How do the hormones from endocrine cells move throughout the body?

Answer 3

Via the blood

Question 4

What do endocrine glands do?

Answer 4

release hormones which are secreted into the bloodstream and then carried to the target by the blood

Question 5

What do exocrine glands do?

Answer 5

secrete enzymes that are released in the lumen of the organ (usually then used in digestion)

Question 6

How many types of hormones can one gland secrete?

Answer 6

Many

Question 7

How many cell types are there in one gland?

Answer 7

Several

Question 8

What are the three major hormone classes?

Answer 8

Amine hormones, peptide and protein hormones and steroid hormones

Question 9

What are amine hormones derived from?

Answer 9

Tyrosine

Question 10

What are some examples of amine hormones?

Answer 10

Thyroid hormone, thyroxine, epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 11

What secretes dopamine?

Answer 11

Hypothalmus

Question 12

What are epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine called?

Answer 12

Catecholamines

Question 13

What class of hormones make up the majority of hormones?

Answer 13

Peptide and protein hormones

Question 14

What are some examples of peptide and protein hormones?

Answer 14

Insulin, glucagon, growth hormone, leptin

Question 15

What organelle synthesises protein prehormones?

Answer 15

Ribosomes

Question 16

What is done with protein prehormones once they are synthesised in ribosomes?

Answer 16

They are packaged into a secretory vesicle, and cleaved into peptides

Question 17

Where are peptide and protein hormones stored?

Answer 17

Inside the cells

Question 18

What are all steroid hormones derived from?

Answer 18

choleserol

Question 19

Steroid hormones relationship on water?

Answer 19

Hydrophobic

Question 20

Where are steroid hormones produced (organ)?

Answer 20

Adrenal cortex and gonads (testes and ovaries)

Question 21

What does the effect of a hormone depend on?

Answer 21

Its concentration

Question 22

What does hormone concentration depend on?

Answer 22

The secretion of the hormone from its gland, and its metabolism and excretion

Question 23

What are the major sites of metabolic inactivation?

Answer 23

Liver and kidneys

Question 24

How do hormones circulate in the blood?

Answer 24

Free or bound to plasma proteins

Question 25

What are hormones excreted in?

Answer 25

Urine or feces

Question 26

What two things can metabolism do to hormones?

Answer 26

Activate or inactivate them

Question 27

What are tropic hormones?

Answer 27

Hormones which induce the secretion of other hormones

Question 28

How do tropic hormones induce the secretion of other hormones?

Answer 28

They induce the growth and development of the target gland

Question 29

What characteristics of a hormone does their transport in the blood depend on?

Answer 29

Their chemical composition and hydrophilicity

Question 30

What kinds of hormones are transported dissolved in plasma?

Answer 30

Protein and peptide hormones

Question 31

Why are protein and peptide hormones transported dissolved in the blood?

Answer 31

They are hydrophillic