The emergence of the Civil Rights movement pt.2 Flashcards
Give three events that led up to but also inspired the Montgomery Bus boycott
1) Baton Rouge Bus Boycott
2) Claudette Colvin refusing to give up her seat on a segregated bus
3) Emmett Till lynched
Why was the Baton Rouge Bus Boycott started ?
As a protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the city buses of Baton Rouge, Louisiana
How long did the Baton Rouge Bus Boycott in Louisiana last for ?
1 week
How many of the bus users in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, were African American ?
80%
When was the Baton Rouge Bus Boycott in Louisiana ?
1953
When did Claudette Colvin refuse to give up her seat on a segregated bus ?
1955 - 9 months before Rosa Parks
Where in America did Claudette Colvin refuse to give up her seat on a segregated bus ?
Montgomery, Alabama
How old was Claudette Colvin when she refused to give up her seat on a segregated bus in Montgomery, Alabama ?
15 years old
Give a positive and negative outcome of the Baton Rouge Bus Boycott in Louisiana.
+ve = won more seats for Black Americans on segregated buses
-ve = segregation remained on buses
Give a brief account of the lynching of Emmett Till. (4)
1) Emmett Till, who was from Chicago (North) , was visiting Mississippi (South)
2) accused of whistling at a white woman at a shop
3) Emmett Till was kidnapped
4) 3 days later, his mutilated body was found
Give 2 things that Emmett Till’s mother insisted on happening at his funeral.
- an open casket
- invitation of news reporters to the funeral
How many people attended the funeral of Emmett Till ?
40,000
Why did Emmett Till’s mother insist on an open casket at his funeral ?
She wanted to let everyone know that had happened to her son and the story captured the nation.
How many men were put on trial for the murder of Emmett Till ?
2 White men
What was the verdict of the trial of the two men who were accused of killing Emmett Till ?
not guilty
How can the jury that found the 2 white men accused of lynching Emmett Till not guilty be argued to be rigged ? (2)
1) all white
2) only deliberated for 6 minutes
When was the murder of Emmett Till ?
August 1955
In 1956, what did the two white men accused of lynching Emmett Till in August 1955 admit to Look Magazine in 1956 ?
In 1956, in an interview with Look Magazine, they publicly admitted that they tortured and murdered Emmett Till
How much money were the two men accused of killing Emmett Till in August 1955 given after admitting to Look Magazine in an interview in 1956 that they tortured and murdered Emmett Till ?
$4000
When did Rosa Parks refuse to give up her seat to a white man on a Montgomery bus ?
December 1st 1955 - 4 days before the boycott began
What was the consequences for Rosa Parks after refusing to give up her seat to white man on a Montgomery bus on Dec 1st 1955 ? (2)
1) arrested
2) fined
What date was Rosa Parks being tried in municipal court ?
Dec 5th 1955
What civil rights group began circulating flyers calling for a boycott of the Montgomery bus system on Dec 5th 1955 ?
WPC (Women’s Political Council) - on the day Rosa Parks was being tried in municipal court
What Civil Rights group was formed on Dec 5th 1955 that would lead a crucial role in guiding the Montgomery Bus boycott ?
MIA (Montgomery improvement association)
What 3 people formed the MIA (Montgomery improvement association)
1) Ralph Abernathy
2) Edgar Nixon
3) Martin Luther King jr.
When did the boycott of public buses by Black Residents of Montgomery begin ?
Dec 5th 1955
How long did the Montgomery Bus Boycott last ?
381 days
The strategy of boycotting the buses was partly inspired by the _______ _______ bus boycott in 1953.
Baton Rouge (Louisiana)
What 3 things did the Montgomery Bus boycott aim to achieve ?
1) demanded courtesy
2) the hiring of Black drivers
3) a First come, first serve seating policy
On average, how much were the Bus companies in Montgomery losing per day as a result of the Montgomery Bus Boycott ?
$3000/ day
How much of the bus users in Montgomery were black ?
75%
How means of transport Black Residents use as a way of getting to and from work during the Montgomery Bus Boycott ?
organised carpools as well as using taxis
After the Montgomery Bus Boycott started, MLK went out in his car to see how many African Americans were using the buses, How many did he see ?
no more than 8 Black Americans
How much did Taxi Drivers charge per ride during the Montgomery Bus boycott ?
10 cents per ride - the same as a bus ticket
In response to Taxi Drivers only charging 10 cents per ride, the same price as a bus ticket during the Montgomery Bus Boycott, how did the Montgomery government respond ?
They made illegal to charge less than 45 cents per ride
How did the MIA (Montgomery Improvement association) overcome the 45 cents fare issue that was introduced by the Montgomery government in response to Taxi drivers charging the same price as a bus ticket (10 cents) during the MBB ?
MIA introduced a private taxi plan whereby those blacks who owned their car picked up and dropped off people at designated points
What district court ruling declared bus segregation in Alabama illegal ?
Browder V Gayle - This was upheld by the Supreme Court
When was Browder V Gayle ?
Nov 13th 1956
shortly after the end of the Montgomery Bus boycott, what civil Rights group did MLK jr. help to found ?
The SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership conference)
When was the SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership conference) founded ?
1957
Give 2 positive impacts of the creation of the SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership conference) in 1957.
1) worked to end segregation in the South
2) established King as a national figure in the Civil Rights movement, allowing him to dominate for the next decade
What happened to membership in the White Citizens’ council following the Montgomery Bus boycott and Browder V Gayle ?
doubled
Which two civil rights figures home’s were firebombed following the Montgomery Bus boycott and Browder V Gayle ?
1) Ralph Abernathy
2) MLK jr.
Give an example of a physical attack that happened to an African American following the Montgomery Bus boycott and Browder V Gayle ?
A young black girl was attacked while exiting the Bus
Why was the Browder V Gayle district court ruling ending segregation of buses in Alabama limited in terms of how far reaching it was ?
As, segregation in other areas was enforced
Give an example of further action in the Civil Rights movement that the montgomery Bus boycott in 1955 inspired (Hint: another Bus boycott)
The Tallahassee Bus Boycott
When was the Tallahassee Bus boycott ?
1956
