Reactions to the rise of communism in Asia Flashcards
Give 4 examples of Eisenhower’s involvement in Asia as part of his foreign policy.
1) Ending the Korean war
2) Taiwan
3) Vietnam
4) SEATO
When did the Korean war reach a stalemate ?
1951
What was K1C2 ?
Ending/ Dealing with the Korean war, corruption and communism
What date/ point did Eisenhower decide that drastic action was needed to end the Korean war ?
December 1952
How many months of negotiations followed December 1952 between North and South korea in order to bring about an end to the war ?
7
After 7 months of negotiations between North and South Korea, armistice was signed on the __ ______ 1953.
27th July 1953
Where was North Korea and South Korea divided following armistice being signed ?
Korean peninsula was divided along the 38th parallel
How many US soldiers were killed or missing at the end of the Korean war ?
36,000
How many US soldiers were injured by the end of the Korean war ?
103,000
How did John Foster Dulles suggest in an interview in 1956 that had contributed to an end to the Korean war.
In an interview in 1956, he suggested that he had hinted to China that the US may use nuclear weapons in the Korean war during negotiations.
What kind of military tactic did John Foster Dulles use in negations with China to bring about an end to the Korean war when he hinted that the US could use nuclear weapons ?
Brinkmanship
Give 3 positive impacts on Eisenhower and America of the ending of the Korean war.
1) Strengthened Eisenhower’s hand at home and abroad
2) gave heart to the NATO alliance
3) ensured the continued build up of American military prowess
Why was Taiwan strategically important for America ?
During the Korean war, Jiang Jieshi was willing to let the Americans use Taiwan as a base for UN naval operations.
How did Mao Tse Tung view Taiwan in terms of ownership ?
He believed it was part of China - however, the ousted Chinese government following Jian Jieshi had set up there.
Why was Taiwan protected ?
Because Americans were granted use of the Island by Jieshi as a base for UN naval operations.
What actions in 1954 by Mao Tse Tung against Taiwan showed that the protection of Taiwan by America was important for the Island.
This was when, in 1954, Mao ordered the shelling of 2 Islands controlled by Taiwan but near the Chinese mainland.
After Mao had ordered the shelling of two Islands controlled by Taiwan in 1954, how did Eisenhower react ?
Prompted the US government to act - In January 1955, the US congress passed the “Formosa resolution”
What did the ‘Formosa resolution” passed by US congress in January 1955 give Eisenhower the powers to do regarding the protection of Taiwan ?
Gave the president total authority to defend Taiwan and offshore Islands.
How many congress people voted against the passing of the ‘Formosa Resolution’ in January 1955 - What did this show ?
6 - strong support for Eisenhower’s actions
What Islands did Eisenhower shell in response to Mao’s shelling of 2 Islands controlled by Taiwan in 1954 due to congress passing the Formosa agreement in January 1955 ?
Quemoy and Matsu
When did China and Mao Tse Tung stop their shelling of the 2 Islands controlled by Taiwan that had started in 1954 ?
1st May 1955
What did John Foster Dulles believe about why China stopped their shelling of 2 Islands controlled by Taiwan on 1st May 1955 that had started in 1954 ?
He believed that it was the trong stance made by the US. This included John Foster Dulles’ suggestion that the US might consider a nuclear attack on China.
What was America’s economic ties to Vietnam at the time of Eisenhower’s presidency ?
By 1954, the Eisenhower administration was paying more than 75% of the French costs of the war.
Give 2 ways in which America offered to support the French in Vietnam under Eisenhower other than through financial aid.
1) Eisenhower agreed to covert air support by providing American B-26 bombers
2) Dulles suggested providing the French with a nuclear bomb
What was operation Vulture in regards to America’s involvement in Vietnam helping the French ?
Whereby, with British support, the Americans would rescue the French at Dien Bien Phu in 1954 using B-29 raids
Why was Operation Vulture in regards to America’s involvement in Vietnam helping the French a failure ?
The British declined to support the US, so Eisenhower rejected the idea.
Who, within Eisenhower’s administration, still wanted Operation Vulture in Vietnam to go ahead despite it failing to come into force after the British declined to support the US ?
VP - Richard Nixon
Where were peace talks held for ending the Vietnam War in 1954 ?
Geneva
Why were the Vietminh in a good position at the peace talks held in Geneva in 1954 regarding the Vietnam war ?
This is because they had crushed the French at Dien Bien Phu
What decisions was reached at the Geneva conference in 1954 regarding the future of Vietnam ? (2)
1) To divide Vietnam into 2 at the 17th parallel
2) a general election to be held in 1956 in South Vietnam
How was the promise of a general election to be held in 1956 made at the Geneva conference compromised in 1955 ?
The leader in the South, Ngo Dinh Diem, took power in the referendum claiming 98.2% of the vote
Why did America support the referendum result in South Vietnam in 1955 where Ngo Dinh Diem took power with 98.2% of the vote despite widespread belief around electoral fraud ?
Because Diem was a strong anti-communist
Other than electoral Fraud, Give one other problem for America supporting the referendum result in South Vietnam in 1955 where Ngo Dinh Diem took power with 98.2% of the vote
He was a Catholic who had strong anti-Buddhist views in a country with 70-80% of the population being Buddhists.
What does SEATO stand for ?
Southeast Asia Treaty organisation
When was SEATO set up ?
September 1954
Who were the founding members of SEATO ? (8)
1) United States
2) France
3) Great Britain
4) New Zealand
5) Australia
6) the Philippines
7) Thailand
8) Pakistan
What was the purpose of the creation of SEATO ?
To be the Asia equivalent to NATO in trying to prevent communism from gaining ground in the region.
Give an example of when America used SEATO in order to prevent communism from gaining ground in the region.
used the organization as its justification for refusing to go forward with the 1956 elections intended to reunify Vietnam, instead maintaining the divide between communist North Vietnam and South Vietnam at the 17th parallel.
What nickname was SEATO given because of its ineffectiveness ?
a ‘paper tiger’
Why was SEATO given the nickname, a ‘paper tiger’ ?
as it appeared effective against China, but really had little ability.
