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Physics GCSE > The Electromagnetic Spectrum > Flashcards

The Electromagnetic Spectrum Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the EM waves?

A

Radio-waves, Microwaves, Infra-red, Visible light, UltraViolet, X-rays, Gamma rays

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2
Q

What are the similarities of EM waves?

A

All transverse waves
Travel at the same speed through a vacuum

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3
Q

Unit for angles

A

Degree (°)

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4
Q

Unit for frequency

A

Hertz (Hz)

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5
Q

Unit for length

A

Metre (m)

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6
Q

Unit for speed/velocity

A

Metre/second (m/s)

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7
Q

Unit for time

A

Second (s)

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8
Q

Order EM waves from longest to shortest wavelength:

A

Radio-waves, Micro-waves, Infra-red, Visible Light, UltraViolet, X-Rays, Gamma Rays

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9
Q

Order EM waves from low to high frequency:

A

Radio-waves, Microwaves, Infra-red, Visible Light, UltraViolet, X-Rays, Gamma Rays

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10
Q

What are the order of colours in visible light?

A

Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet

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11
Q

What colour has the longest wavelength and the lowest frequency?

A

Red

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12
Q

What colour has the shortest wavelength and the highest frequency?

A

Violet

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13
Q

What are the uses of radio waves?

A

Broadcasting and communications

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14
Q

How does long-wave radio transmit?

A

Long-wave radio bends around the earth so they transmit over long distances (1km

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15
Q

How does short-wave radio transmit?

A

It reflects from the ionosphere (part of the atmosphere) so they can be received at long distances (100m)

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16
Q

What is the wave length of TV and FM radio waves?

A

Shortwave lengths (1m), need to be in direct sight of transmitter

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17
Q

What are the uses of microwaves?

A

Cooking and satellite transmissions

18
Q

How does satellite transmission work?

A

Signal is transmitted from earth to orbit, satellite transmits signal to a satellite dish on earth

19
Q

How are microwaves used for cooking?

A

Microwaves are absorbed by water molecules in food, it penetrates the food before being absorbed and conducted/ convected

20
Q

What are the uses of Infra-red?

A

Heaters and night vision equipment

21
Q

Is infrared given out by all objects?

A

IR is given out by all objects, the hotter the object the more IR given out

22
Q

How does night vision equipment work?

A

IR is detected using the equipment which is turned into an electrical signal which can be displayed on screen

23
Q

What are the uses of visible light?

A

Optical fibres and photography

24
Q

How does optical fibres work?

A

Waves are bounced off the sides of a very narrow core
A pulse of light enters the fibre at a certain angle and reflects again and again until it emerges at the other end

25
Q

What are the uses of Ultra Violet?

A

Fluorescent lamps

26
Q

How do fluorescent lamps work?

A

UV light is absorbed by a chemical which emits visible light

27
Q

What are the uses of X-Rays?

A

Observing the internal structure of objects and materials (medical applications)

28
Q

What are the uses of Gamma rays?

A

Sterilising food and medical equipment

29
Q

How does Gamma rays sterilise food?

A

It kills microbes - keeps food fresh for longer

30
Q

How does Gamma rays sterilise medical equipment?

A

It kills all the microbes (better than boiling plastic instruments which may be damaged from high temperatures)

31
Q

Which EM spectrum waves are dangerous?

A

Microwaves, Infrared, Ultraviolet, Gamma rays

32
Q

What types of waves are usually more dangerous?

A

Waves with higher frequencies (they have more energy)

33
Q

What damage can microwaves cause?

A

Internal heating of body tissue

34
Q

How can you protect yourself against microwaves?

A

Microwave ovens have shielding to stop microwaves escaping

35
Q

What damage can infrared cause?

A

It can cause skin burns

36
Q

How can you protect yourself against microwaves?

A

Using insulating materials like oven gloves

37
Q

What damage can ultraviolet cause?

A

It can cause skin cancer and blindness

38
Q

How can you protect yourself against ultraviolet?

A

Avoid exposure to the sun and wear suncream

39
Q

What damage can Gamma rays?

A

It can cause mutations and cancer

40
Q

How can you protect yourself against gamma rays?

A

Store radioactive material in lead lined boxes

Physics GCSE (16 decks)

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