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Physics GCSE > Forces and Motion > Flashcards

Forces and Motion Flashcards

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1
Q

Unit of mass

A

Kilograms (kg)

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2
Q

Unit of distance

A

Meters (m)

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3
Q

Unit of speed

A

Metres/ seconds (m/s)

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4
Q

Unit of acceleration

A

Metres/ seconds^2 (m/s^2)

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5
Q

Unit of force

A

Newton (N)

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6
Q

Unit of time

A

Seconds (s)

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7
Q

Unit of Gravitational Field Strength (GFS)

A

Newtons/ kilogram (N/kg)

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8
Q

Unit of momentum

A

Kilogram metres/ second (kg m/s)

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9
Q

How to calculate the speed from a distance-time graph?

A

Find the gradient =
Change in y / Change in x

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10
Q

What is the equation for Speed?

A

Speed (m/s) = Distance (m) / Time (s)

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11
Q

What is the equation for Acceleration?

A

Acceleration (m/s^2) = Change in Velocity (m/s) / Time taken (s)

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12
Q

How do you calculate the distance moved from a velocity-time graph?

A

Calculate the area under the graph

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13
Q

How to calculate acceleration in a velocity-time graph?

A

Find the gradient =
Change in y / Change in x

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14
Q

How to calculate Final Speed using final speed, initial speed, acceleration and distance moved?

A

v^2 = u^2 + 2as
(final speed)^2 = (initial speed)^2 + (2 x acceleration x distance moved)

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15
Q

What is a scalar quantity?

A

A quantity that only has magnitude (eg. mass, kg)

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16
Q

What is a vector quantity?

A

A quantity that has direction and magnitude (eg. force, velocity)

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17
Q

What is a resultant force?

A

The sum of the total forces acting on an object.

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18
Q

What is the equation that links Force, Mass and Acceleration?

A

F = ma

F = Force (N)
m = Mass (kg)
a = Acceleration (m/s^2)

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19
Q

What is the equation that links weight, mass and Gravitational Field Strength?

A

W = mg

W = Weight (N)
m = Mass (kg)
g = Gravitational Field Strength (N/kg)

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20
Q

What is the equation for stopping distance?

A

Stopping Distance = Thinking distance + Braking distance

21
Q

What are some factors affecting the stopping distance?

A
  • Speed
  • Mass
  • Incline of road
  • Impairment due to alcohol/drugs
  • Condition of braking system
  • Condition of road
22
Q

What is terminal velocity?

A

When the force of Weight downwards is the same as air resistance upwards and so the object moves at a constant velocity, with no overall force.

23
Q

What is the Hooke’s Law equation?

A

F = ke

F = Force (N)
k = Spring constant (N/M)
e = Extension (m)

24
Q

What is Hooke’s Law

A

Hooke’s Law states that the extension of a spring is directly proportional to the applied force, up to the limit of proportionality.

25
Q

What is an elastic?

A

A material that returns to its original shape after the forces causing deformation have been removed.

26
Q

What is the momentum equation?

A

p = m x v

p = Momentum (kg m/s)
m = Mass (kg)
v = Velocity (m/s)

27
Q

Describe using the idea of momentum how airbags work as a safety feature?

A
  • Airbags inflate quickly during a crash, preventing a passenger’s head from hitting hard objects.
  • Increases the amount of time it takes for the momentum of the person’s head to reach 0, reducing the rate of change.
  • F = mv-mu/t, so increasing t reduces F.
28
Q

Describe using the idea of momentum how seatbelts work as a safety feature?

A
  • They prevent someone being thrown out of a car during a crash.
  • Seatbelts can stretch slightly, increasing the time taken for a person’s body to stop moving, reducing the rate of change of momentum.
  • Since F = ma, reducing, a reduces F.
29
Q

Describe using the idea of momentum how crumple zones work as a safety feature?

A
  • Crumple zones are areas of a vehicle that are designed to give way during a crash.
  • By doing so, they increase the time taken for the car to come to a stop, decreasing the rate of change.
  • Since F = ma, decreasing a decreases F.
30
Q

What is The Principle of the Conservation of Momentum

A

Momentum before = Momentum after

31
Q

What is the equation that links Force, Change in momentum and time taken.

A

F = (mv - mu) / t

F = Force (N)
mv = Final momentum (kg m/s)
mu = Initial momentum (kg m/s)
t = Time (s)

32
Q

What is Newton’s First Law

A

An object will remain stationary or travel at constant velocity unless an external resultant force is applied.

33
Q

What is Newton’s Second Law?

A

The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the resultant force applied to the object.
F = ma

Also:
F = (mv - mu) / t
Force is the rate of change of momentum

34
Q

What is Newton’s Third Law?

A

If Object A imparts a force on Object B, Object B imparts an equal and opposite force on Object A.

35
Q

What is the equation for Moments?

A

M = fd

M = Moment (Nm)
f = Force (N)
d = Perpendicular distance to pivot (m)

36
Q

Explain this practical: Investigate how extension varies with applied force for helical springs, metal wires and rubber bands.

A

Set up a clamp with a weighted stand and a spring with hanging masses
Measure length of spring when no load is applied
Apply one mass and measure length of spring when it comes to a rest
Repeat this and plot a graph of force vs total extension

37
Q

How does the weight of body acts with gravity?

A

It acts through its centre of gravity

38
Q

Explain the direction and how weight works as a force:

A

The result of your own mass being pulled down by a gravitational field
Downwards

39
Q

Explain the direction and how driving force/ thrust works as a force:

A

A force that moves a mechanical object
Fowards

40
Q

Explain the direction and how resistive forces works as a force:

A

Name given to all forces that try to slow down an object
Backwards

41
Q

Explain the direction and how air resistance works as a force:

A

A force from air that slows down moving objects
Backwards

42
Q

Explain the direction and how braking force works as a force:

A

A force deliberately applied to slow down a mechanical object
Backwards

42
Q

Explain the direction and how friction works as a force:

A

Force from solids rubbing together (slows object and produces heat)
Backwards

43
Q

Explain the direction and how upthrust works as a force:

A

A force from a fluid which helps keep planes in air
Upwards

43
Q

Explain the direction and how reaction force works as a force:

A

A force pushing away from and object at 90°, reacting to the force pushing against it
Away from surface

44
Q

Explain the direction and how electrostatic force works as a force:

A

A force between electrically charged objects
Towards/ away from electric charge

44
Q

Explain the direction and how gravitational force works as a force:

A

An attractive force between any two masses arising from a gravitational field between any two masses

45
Q

Explain the direction and how magnetic force works as a force:

A

A force coming from a magnetic field
Towards/ away from magnet

46
Q

Explain the direction and how tension works as a force:

A

A pull force acting in a rope, spring or piece of spring
Along the object, away from object acting on it

Physics GCSE (16 decks)

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