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Physics GCSE > Energy and Voltage in circuits > Flashcards

Energy and Voltage in circuits Flashcards

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1
Q

What is parallel circuits best for?

A

For domestic lighting (turning a light of in a room), household electrics

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2
Q

What is series circuits best for?

A

Fairy lights

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3
Q

How would you calculate current in a series circuit?

A

Current = voltage/resistance
I = V/R

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4
Q

Unit for current

A

Ampere (A)

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5
Q

Unit for electrical charge

A

Coulomb (C)

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6
Q

Unit for energy

A

Joules (J)

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7
Q

Unit for resistance

A

Ohms (Ω)

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8
Q

Unit for time

A

Seconds (s)

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9
Q

Unit for voltage

A

Volts (V)

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10
Q

Unit of power

A

Watt (W)

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11
Q

What happens if a circuit is broken or a component is removed in a series circuit?

A

It will all stop working

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12
Q

Does the current change in a series circuit?

A

No it stays the same everywhere

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13
Q

What does the size of current depend on in a series circuit?

A

The size of current depends on the potential difference (v)

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14
Q

How is the potential difference (v) shared in a series circuit?

A

It’s shared between components and the p.d. depends on the resistance of the component

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15
Q

How to calculate total resistance? (Rtotal)

A

Total resistance = resistance1 + resistance 2…
Rtotal = R1 +R2…

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16
Q

What does the total resistance in a circuit depend on?

A

The number and type of components.

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17
Q

How is the current shared in parallel circuits?

A

The current is shared between branches

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18
Q

How to calculate total current?

A

Add up the separate currents of each component.
ITotal = I1 +I2

19
Q

What happens if you remove or disconnect a component in a parallel circuit?

A

It will hardly effect the other components

20
Q

How is the voltage shared in a parallel circuit?

A

The voltage is the same throughout

21
Q

How does the current change in a branch depending on the components?

A

The current depends on the resistance, high resistance of component = lower current flow

22
Q

How does the total resistance change if a second resistor is added in a parallel?

A

The total resistance will decrease. It will be less than the smaller resistor

23
Q

What does the current equal going in a branch and going out the same branch?

A

They will equal the same as current is conserved.

24
Q

How to calculate charge (Q)?

A

Charge = Current x Time
Q = I X t

25
Q

What is potential difference (voltage)?

A

Is energy per unit charge dissipated across an external component

26
Q

What is EMF?

A

Electric Motor Force - energy per unit charge supplied by the source

27
Q

How to calculate energy transferred using charge and voltage?

A

Energy transferred = Charge x Voltage
E = Q x V

28
Q

How to calculate energy transferred using charge, current and resistance?

A

Energy transferred = charge x current x resistance
E = Q x I x R

29
Q

How does current and voltage vary in wires?

A

Current is proportional to voltage (at a constant temperature). Straight line

30
Q

How does current and voltage vary in different resistors?

A

Current is proportional to voltage (at a constant temperature). Different resistors have different resistances so it will have different slopes. Straight line

31
Q

How to calculate the gradient of a resistor (axis’s current and voltage)?

A

The gradiant = 1/resistance

32
Q

How does current and voltage vary in metal filament lamps?

A

Voltage increases as current does, increased current means increased temperature of filament. This causes the resistance of the filament to increase. This causes a curve

33
Q

How does current and voltage vary in diodes?

A

Current only flows in one direction (positive). Vt is 0.6v

34
Q

What is Vt?

A

Threshold voltage - the voltage at which the current flows in a diode.

35
Q

How can you tell if the current is running in a circuit using components?

A

An LED or lamp can indicate the presence of current

36
Q

How would you get the graphs for wire, metal filament lamp, diode and resistors?

A

You apply this to a standard test circuit (using a variable resistor, your component, an Ammeter and voltmeter)

37
Q

What is an LDR and what does it look like on a graph?

A

Light-depending-resistor - In a bright light it has a low resistance and in dim light it has a high resistance. Has a curved line

38
Q

What are LDR’s used for?

A

Useful for night lights

39
Q

What is a thermistor and what does it look like on a graph?

A

When hot resistance is low, when cold resistance is high.

40
Q

What are thermistors used in?

A

Useful in thermostats

41
Q

What is current?

A

It’s the rate of flow of charge

42
Q

What is the electrical current in solid metal conductors?

A

It’s the flow of negatively charged electrons

43
Q

What is a volt (using joule and coulomb)?

A

It’s a joule per coulomb

Physics GCSE (16 decks)

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