The Elbow

Question 1

What are the 3 functions of the elbow?

Answer 1

• Enables proper positioning of the hand
• Allows transmission of power from the shoulder to the hand
• Augmenting the versatility and agility of the UE

Question 2

What are the 3 joints of the elbow?

Answer 2

• Humeroulnar joint
• Humeroradial joint
• Proximal radioulnar joint

Question 3

What is the capsular pattern for the humeroulnar joint?

Answer 3

Flexion > Extension

Question 4

What is the resting position for the humeroulnar joint?

Answer 4

70 degrees of elbow flexion and 10 degrees of supination

Question 5

What is the closed packed position for the humeroulnar joint?

Answer 5

Extension and supination

Question 6

What is the humeroradial joint aka?

Answer 6

Radiocapitellar joint

Question 7

What is the capsular pattern for the humeroradial joint?

Answer 7

Flexion > Extension

Question 8

What is the resting position for the humeroradial joint?

Answer 8

Full extension and full supination

Question 9

What is the closed packed position for the humeroradial joint?

Answer 9

Elbow flexed to 90 degrees and the forearm supinated to 5 degrees

Question 10

What is it called when the radial head becomes dislocated?

Answer 10

Nursemaid’s elbow

Question 11

What is the capsular pattern for the proximal radioulnar joint?

Answer 11

Equal limitation of supination and pronation

Question 12

What is the resting position for the radioulnar joint?

Answer 12

35 degrees of supination and 70 degrees of elbow flexion

Question 13

What is the closed packed position for the radioulnar joint?

Answer 13

5 degrees supination

Question 14

What are the functions of the Medial Collateral (Ulnar) Ligament?

Answer 14

Supports the medial humeroulnar joint and form a tunnel with the FCU for the ulnar nerve

Question 15

What are the functions of the Lateral Collateral (radial) Ligament?

Answer 15

• to maintain the humeroulnar and humeroradial joints when the elbow is loaded in supination
• stabilize the proximal radioulnar joint during full supination and pronation

Question 16

What is the function of the annular ligament?

Answer 16

Checks displacement of the radial head

Question 17

What forms the floor of the cubital tunnel?

Answer 17

medial collateral ligament

Question 18

What forms the roof of the cubital tunnel?

Answer 18

aponeurosis, arcute ligament

Question 19

What forms the anterior aspect of the cubital tunnel?

Answer 19

medial epicondyle

Question 20

What forms the posterior aspect of the cubital tunnel?

Answer 20

medial head of the triceps

Question 21

What forms the lateral aspect of the cubital tunnel?

Answer 21

olecranon

Question 22

What travels through the cubital tunnel?

Answer 22

the ulnar nerve

Question 23

When is the volume of the cubital tunnel the greatest?

Answer 23

when the elbow is in extension

Question 24

Moving the elbow into full flexion decreases the size of the cubital tunnel volume by __%

Answer 24

55%

Question 25

What is considered the entryway to the forearm?

Answer 25

The cubital fossa

Question 26

What forms the lateral boundary of the cubital fossa?

Answer 26

Brachioradialis and ECRL muscles

Question 27

What forms the medial boundary of the cubital fossa?

Answer 27

Pronator Teres muscle

Question 28

What forms the proximal boundary of the cubital fossa?

Answer 28

imaginary line that passes through the humeral condyles

Question 29

What forms the floor of the cubital fossa?

Answer 29

Brachialis muscle

Question 30

What are the contents of the cubital fossa?

Answer 30

- Tendon of biceps brachii - Median nerve - Brachial artery - Radial nerve - Median cubital or intermediate cubital cutaneous vein

Question 31

Describe the concept of force couples of the elbow

Answer 31

In order for a movement to occur, muscles must balance each other out. For example, the triceps and biceps need to be balanced during elbow flexion/extension

Question 32

Male carrying angle = _-_ degrees | Feale carrying angle = _-_ degrees

Answer 32

5-10 10-15

Question 33

A carrying angle greater than 15 degrees is considered cubitis ___. A carrying angle less than 5 degrees is considered cubitis ___.

Answer 33

valgus varus

Question 34

What is gunstock deformity?

Answer 34

an increase in cubital varus

Question 35

If swelling occurs what position will the patient hold the hold in?

Answer 35

In the resting position, which is also position of maximum volume

Question 36

The medial collateral ligament is placed on stretch by introducing a ____ force

Answer 36

valgus

Question 37

The lateral collateral ligament is placed on stretch by introducing a ____ force

Answer 37

varus

Question 38

Reflexes: Biceps = __ Brachioradialis = __ Triceps = __

Answer 38

C5 C6 C7