Patient-Client Management Flashcards
What does examination refer to?
the gathering of information from the chart, other caregivers, the patient, the patient’s family, caretakers, and friends
What does evaluation refer to?
the level of judgment necessary to make sense of the findings in order to identify a relationship between the symptoms reported and the signs of disturbed function
What does the strength of an examination rely on?
The accuracy of the findings of the testing procedures
What are the 2 main categories of diagnostic tests?
- tests that result in a discrete outcome (present/absent, disease/not disease, mild/moderate/severe, etc.)
- tests that result in a continuous outcome (data on interval or a scale of measurement such as degrees of range of motion)
What are 3 characteristics that deem a test useful?
- Reliability
- Validity
- Significance
When is a test considered reliable?
if it produces precise, accurate, and reproducible information
When is a test considered valid?
Determined upon the degree to which it measures what it purports to be measuring, and how well it correctly classifies individuals with or without a particular disease
When is a test considered significant?
When the test can describe the probability of something happening
What are the 2 categories in which examination tools can be divided?
- Performance-based or self-report measures
- Generic or disease-specific measures
What do performance-based measures involve?
The clinician’s performance of the test or observation of the patient’s performance
What are some examples of performance-based measures?
special tests, balance tests, etc.
What do self-report measures involve?
The patient’s rating his/her performance during activities
What are disease-specific measures?
Questionnaires that concentrate on a region of primary interest that is generally relevant to the patient & clinician (focuses on populations, symptoms, function)
What are the 3 components of the examination process?
- Patient history
- Systems review
- Tests and measures
If a patient’s pain has a recent onset what is likely the source of pain
inflammation
If a patient’s pain has am insidious or gradual onset what is likely the source of pain
predisposing factors such as changes in ADLs, exercise, etc.
Mechanical pain is thought to be the result of what?
sustained deformation of collagen
How can you determine if pan is chemical in nature?
it is less affected by movement/position
What are the 4 major sources of referred pain?
- Neurogenic
- Vasculogenic
- Viscerogenic
- Spondylogenic
3 are the characteristics that an irritable structure had?
- a progressive increase in the severity of pain with movement or specific posture
- symptoms increased with minimal activity
- increased latent response of symptoms
What are the 3 stages of healing and their associated timelines?
- Acute present for 7-10 days
- Subacute present for 10 days to several weeks
- Chronic present for more than several weeks
Why do prolonged symptoms usually indicate a poorer prognosis?
It may indicate the presence of chronic pain syndrome
Musculoskeletal conditions are typically aggravated with _____ and ______ with rest
movement
alleviated
Stimulation of the cutaneous A-delta fibers leads to what type of pain?
pricking