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Spring '20/ L. A&P > The Ear & Taste > Flashcards

The Ear & Taste Flashcards

1
Q

3 Structural divisions of the ear

A

Outer ear Middle Ear Inner Ear

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2
Q

Outer Ear Does

A

Directs the sound wave into the auditory canal

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3
Q

Middle Ear

A
  1. Is air filled
  2. Contains the tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles.
  3. Sound waves cause the tympanic membrane to vibrate. In turn, the ossicles vibrate, pushing the stapes into the oval window and displacing fluid in the inner ear
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4
Q

Inner Ear

A
  1. Is FLUID filled 2. Contains Bony labyrinth (semicircular canals, cochlea, and vestibule)
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5
Q

Organ of Corti

A
  1. Located on basilar membrane
  2. Contains the receptor cells (inner/outer hair cells) for auditory stimuli. cilia protrude from the hair cells and are embedded in the tectorial membrane.
  3. Spiral ganglion contains the cell bodies of auditory nerve (CN VIII vestibulochoclear )
  4. Sound waves cause vibration of organ of Corti, causing bending of hair cells against the tectorial membrane.
  5. Fibers ascend to auditory cortex (41)
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6
Q

Hair Cells bending

A

bending as a result of hair cells on tectorial membrane In one direction –> Depolarization In the other direction –> Hyperpolarization This changing potential of the hair cells causes intermittent firing of COCHLEAR NERVES

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7
Q

Auditory Cortex location

A

area 41

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8
Q

Traveling waves….

A

along BASILAR MEMBRANE for high, medium, and low frequency sounds

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9
Q

High Frequency Sounds best respond where?

A

Base of basilar membrane (close to oval window)

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10
Q

Low Frequency Sounds best respond where?

A

APEX of basilar membrane

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11
Q

result of an ear infection

A

Likely loss of some high frequency hearing; selective deafness. middle ear damage

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12
Q

Auditory Pathway

A
  • Both start in Medulla
    1) Transcends the Cochlear Nuclei via CN VIII via the DORSAL ACOUSTIC STRIA - Crosses the PONS - Ascends to the Primary Auditory Cortex (area 41,42)
    2) Anteriolateral path ascends through: -trapezoid body -Intermediate acoustic site -Superior Olivary Nucleus Nucleus of the lateral Lemniscus -Inferior colliculus -Medial geniculate nucleus -Ends in Primary Auditory Cortex (area 41,42)
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13
Q

CN VIII

A

Vestibulochoclear

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14
Q

Conductive deafness

A

defects in external or middle ear

-Foreign body, ear wax, destruction of auditory ossicals,

Bone Conductance > Air Conductance

air to bone gap should be >10

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15
Q

Nerve Deafness

A

Defects in the inner ear or CN VIII -Both bone and air conductance are reduced * Adverse effect of aminoglycosides

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16
Q

Adverse Effect of Aminoglycosides

A

Nerve Deafness

17
Q

Audiogram deafness

A

>10 Dec = conduction deafness <10 Dec = nerve deafness

18
Q

Which form of conduction is better in those with Middle ear sclerosis related deafness?

A

Bone Conduction

19
Q

Where is there a significant INCREASE of pressure during administration of N2O?

A

Middle Ear

20
Q

Use of N2O with middle ear diseases (otitis media, sinusitis) may result in:

A

Hearing loss or tympanic membrane rupture

21
Q

N2O is contraindicated in

A

Tympanoplasty as the pressure difference bw middle and external ear can jeopardize the success of operation

22
Q

Most sensitive taste bud

A

Sweet

23
Q

Fungiform papillae

A

Sweet and Salty tastebuds

24
Q

Foliate Papillae

A

Sour tastebuds

25
Q

Circumvallate Papillae

A

Bitter tastebuds

26
Q

Two Nerves of Life

A
  1. Facial (CN VII) - Salt & Sweet 2. Glossopharyngeal (IX) - Sour & Bitter
27
Q

Taste Pathway Innervation

A

Anterior 2/3: CN VII Facial –> Chorda tympani (branch of cn 7) Posterior 1/3: CN IX Glossopharyngeal Back of Throat CN X Vagus – GAG reflex

28
Q

Taste pathway

A

Medulla -> solitary tract –> solitary nucleus –> Thalamus –> Taste Cortex

29
Q

Structures of Bony labyrinth

A

semicircular canals, cochlea, and vestibule

30
Q

auditory ossicles

A

Malleus, incus and stapes Amplify sound

31
Q

Stapes inserts into _____

A

the Oval Window a membrane bw the middle ear and inner ear.

32
Q

Structure of the Cochlea

A

Three tubular canals: Scala Vestibuli (perilymph / ^ Na) Scala Tympani (perilymph / ^ Na) Scala Media (endolymph/ ^K)

Spring '20/ L. A&P (21 decks)

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