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2019 - Biology > The Ear > Flashcards

The Ear Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

functions of the ear

A

enables us to hear and maintain balance

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2
Q

three parts of the ear

A

outer, middle, inner ear

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3
Q

mechanoreceptors

A

the receptors (that are concentrated in the ear) that detect sound stimuli and head movements

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4
Q

position of ear

A
  • the two pinnae are outside the skull on opposite sides of the head
  • rest is embedded in temporal bone of skull
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5
Q

outer ear consists of…

A
  • pinna

- external auditory canal

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6
Q

pinna

A

cartilage covered with skin

- collects and directs sound waves

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7
Q

external auditory canal

A

curved tube which leads to tymphatic membrane

- transmits sound waves from pinna to tymphatic membrane

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8
Q

middle ear consists of…

A
  • tymphatic membrane
  • ossicles
  • oval and round window
  • eustachian tube
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9
Q

middle ear definition

A

small air-filled cavity in temporal bone with a mucous membrane

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10
Q

what is the tymphatic membrane

A

EARDRUM

covers the opening between the middle ear and the external auditory canal

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11
Q

eardrum function

A

converts sound waves to vibrations that are transmitted to malleus

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12
Q

the three ossicles

A

malleus/hammer
incus/anvil
stapes/stirrup

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13
Q

ossicles function

A

ligaments join the three ossicles and form a lever system to connect inner and outer ear

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14
Q

oval window

A

an opening covered by thin membrane that connects middle and inner ear
- transmits vibrations between the two

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15
Q

round window

A

basically the same as the oval window, except its below the oval window

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16
Q

eustachian tube function

A

connects middle ear to pharynx and ensures pressure is the same on both sides of the eardrum

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17
Q

inner ear consists of

A
  • bony labyrinth

- membranous labyrinth

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18
Q

labyrinths consist of

A

vestibular apparatus for balance

cochlea for hearing

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19
Q

bony labyrinth

A

canals and cavities within the temporal bone

20
Q

membranous labyrinth

A

membranous tubes and sacs filled with endolymph (fluid) and floats in the perilymph

21
Q

vestibular apparatus consists of

A
  • utriculus and sacculus

- semicircular canals

22
Q

utriculus and sacculus

A
  • filled with endolymph, float in perilymph
  • has a layer of hair cells in a jelly-like layer
  • structure forms a macula
23
Q

functions of utriculus and sacculus

A

detect the position of the head in space

24
Q

semicircular canals

A

three canals with an ampulla containing cristae at the base

25
Q

how balance is coordinated in the cerebellum

A

nerve fibres from the vestibular nerve conduct impulses to the cerebellum

26
Q

crista

A

a receptor that detects changes in speed or movement of head

27
Q

semicircular canals function

A

detects changes in speed or movement of head

28
Q

macula

A

a receptor that detects the position of the head in space

29
Q

ampulla

A

a part at the base of the semicircular canal containing a crista

30
Q

cupula

A

a jelly-like cap that forms part of the crista

31
Q

cochlea

A

long, coiled tube that is divided into three canals

32
Q

the three scala

A

scala vestibuli
scala media
scala tympani

33
Q

scala vestibuli

A
  • upper canal
  • filled w perilymph
  • bordered by oval window
34
Q

scala media

A
  • middle canal
  • contains hearing receptors
  • filled with endolymph
35
Q

scala tympani

A
  • lower canal
  • filled w perilymph
  • ends in round window
36
Q

helicotrema

A

the opening at the tip of the cochlear tube that joins the two outer canals of the cochlea

37
Q

vestibular membrane

A

seperates the media and vestibular

38
Q

basilar membrane

A

seperates media and tympani

39
Q

organ of corti

A

a structure formed by hair cells and tectorial membrane. it contains hearing receptors

40
Q

function of organ of corti

A

detect vibrations and convert them into nerve impulses

41
Q

functions of auditory nerve

A

conducts impulses to cerebral cortex to produce a hearing sensation, and to cerebellum to coordinate balance

42
Q

two types of deafness

A

conductive

neural

43
Q

conductive deafness

A
  • when one of the mechanisms that transmit sound waves to the external ear do not work properly
  • often temporary, surgery
44
Q

neural deafness

A
  • involves a problem w the inner ear, and is usually permanent
  • can be fixed w hearing aid, cochlear implant
45
Q

causes of deafness

A
  • age
  • heredity
  • head/middle/inner ear injury
46
Q

symptoms of middle ear infection

A
  • earache
  • fever
  • hearing loss
47
Q

treatment of middle ear infection

A
  • antibiotics
  • eardrops
  • surgery

2019 - Biology (13 decks)

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