The Ear Flashcards
The ear houses which 2 senses?
hearing & equilibrium
receptors are aka…
mechanoreceptors
different organs house _ for each sense
receptors
what are the names of the 3 divisions of the ear?
external ear, middle ear (tympanic cavity), & inner ear (bony labyrinth)
middle ear is aka..
tympanic cavity
inner ear is aka…
bony labyrinth
2 structures of the external ear
auricle (pinna), & external acoustic meatus (auditory canal)
an auricle is aka…
a pinna
narrow chamber in the temporal bone
external acoustic meatus (auditory canal)
lined with skin & ceruminous (wax) glands
external acoustic meatus (auditory canal)
ceruminous is aka…
wax
ends at the tympanic membrane
external acoustic meatus (auditory canal)
Air-filled cavity within temporal bone
the middle ear (tympanic cavity)
the middle ear is aka…
tympanic cavity
only involved in the sense of hearing (2 things)
the middle ear & external ear
2 tubes are associated with the _
inner ear
the opening from the auditory canal is covered by the _
tympanic membrane
the auditory tube connects the _ with the _
connects the middle ear with the throat
allows for equalizing pressure during yawning or swallowing
auditory tube
other than yawning/swallowing, this tube is otherwise collapsed
auditory tube
names the 3 ossicles
malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), stapes (stirrup)
name the location of the 3 ossicles
middle ear (tympnic cavity)
Vibrations from the eardrum move the >>>
hammer> anvil> stirrup> inner ear
includes sense organs for hearing & balance
inner ear
the inner ear is aka…
the bony labyrinth
filled w/ perilymph
the inner ear
contains a maze of bony chambers within the temporal bone
inner ear
the 3 bony chambers within the temporal bone
cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals
equilibrium receptors of the inner ear are called _
vestibular apparatus
the 2 functional parts of the vestibular apparatus
static and dynamic equilibrium
receptors in the vestibule
maculae
maculae are a part of…
static equilibrium
report on the position of the head
maculae
send info via the vestibular tube
maculae
anatomy of the maculae: hair cells are embedded in the _
otolithic membrane
tiny stones aka…
otolithes
anatomy of the maculae: _ float in a gel around the hair cells
otolithes
movemements cause otolithes to bend _
the hair cells
these receptors respond to angular/ rotary movements
dynamic equilibrium
in the ampulla of each semicircular canal
crista ampullaris
crista ampullaris: dynamic equilibrium receptors are located in the _
semicircular canals
tuft of hair cells covered with cupula (gelatinous cap)
crista ampularis
dynamic equilibrium receptors
crista ampullaris
if the head moves, the cupula drags against the _
endolymph
gelatinous cap aka..
cupula
action of angular head movements
dynamic equilibrium
the movement of the _ stimulates hair cells
cupula
dynamic equilibrium: an impulse sent via the _ to the _
via the vestibular nerve to the cerebellum
located within the cochlea
organ of corti
hair cells on the basilar membrane
receptors
gel-like tectorial membrane is capable of…
bending hair cells
cochlear nerve attached to hair cells transmits nerve impulses to _ on the temporal lobe
auditory cortex
vibrations from sound waves move _
tectorial membrane
_ are bent by the tectorial membrane
hair cells
an action potential starts where?
in the cochlear nerve
from the cochlear nerve where would an action potential/impulse travel?
the temporal lobe
continued stimulation can lead to…
adaption
_ pitched sounds disturb the short, stiff fibers of the basilar membrane
high pitched
high pitched: receptor cells close to the _ are stimulated
oval window
_ pitched sounds disturb the long, floppy fibers of the basilar membrane
low pitched
low pitched: specific hair cells further along the _ are affected
cochlea
structures composing the outer ear
pinna, external acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane
structures composing the bony/ osseous labyrinth
cochlea, semicircular canals, vestibule
name the ossicles
anvil (incus), hammer (malleus), stirrup (stapes)
2 ear structures not involved with hearing
vestibule, semicircular canals
chemical substances must be dissolved in aqueous solution to activate receptors for _ & _
smell & taste
hairs are actually _ or _ with receptor sites
cilia or microvilli
diff chem’s bind to diff receptor sites varying our perceptions of…
taste & smell
the olfactory “smell” receptors are located in the _ aspect of each nasal cavity
superior aspect
sniffling helps to bring more air (containing odors) over the _
olfactory mucosa
olfactory pathways are closely linked to the _ “_”
limbic system “emotional brain”
odors stimulate the recall of _ & arouse emotional responses
memories
gustatory (taste) cells are located in the _ primarily on the _
taste buds, primarily on the tongue
name the 5 major taste sensations
sweet, salt, sour, bitter, umami
sweet:
sugars & sacharrine
salt:
metal ions in solution
sour:
hydrogen ions (H+) or acidity of solution
bitter:
alkaloids, (many poisons)
umami:
amino acid glutamate “beef taste”/ MSG, monosodium glutamate (flavor enhancer)
influenced by sense of smell
taste
