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Anatomy > The Ear > Flashcards

The Ear Flashcards

1
Q

The ear houses which 2 senses?

A

hearing & equilibrium

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2
Q

receptors are aka…

A

mechanoreceptors

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3
Q

different organs house _ for each sense

A

receptors

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4
Q

what are the names of the 3 divisions of the ear?

A

external ear, middle ear (tympanic cavity), & inner ear (bony labyrinth)

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5
Q

middle ear is aka..

A

tympanic cavity

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6
Q

inner ear is aka…

A

bony labyrinth

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7
Q

2 structures of the external ear

A

auricle (pinna), & external acoustic meatus (auditory canal)

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8
Q

an auricle is aka…

A

a pinna

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9
Q

narrow chamber in the temporal bone

A

external acoustic meatus (auditory canal)

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10
Q

lined with skin & ceruminous (wax) glands

A

external acoustic meatus (auditory canal)

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11
Q

ceruminous is aka…

A

wax

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12
Q

ends at the tympanic membrane

A

external acoustic meatus (auditory canal)

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13
Q

Air-filled cavity within temporal bone

A

the middle ear (tympanic cavity)

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14
Q

the middle ear is aka…

A

tympanic cavity

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15
Q

only involved in the sense of hearing (2 things)

A

the middle ear & external ear

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16
Q

2 tubes are associated with the _

A

inner ear

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17
Q

the opening from the auditory canal is covered by the _

A

tympanic membrane

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18
Q

the auditory tube connects the _ with the _

A

connects the middle ear with the throat

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19
Q

allows for equalizing pressure during yawning or swallowing

A

auditory tube

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20
Q

other than yawning/swallowing, this tube is otherwise collapsed

A

auditory tube

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21
Q

names the 3 ossicles

A

malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), stapes (stirrup)

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22
Q

name the location of the 3 ossicles

A

middle ear (tympnic cavity)

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23
Q

Vibrations from the eardrum move the >>>

A

hammer> anvil> stirrup> inner ear

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24
Q

includes sense organs for hearing & balance

A

inner ear

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25
Q

the inner ear is aka…

A

the bony labyrinth

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26
Q

filled w/ perilymph

A

the inner ear

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27
Q

contains a maze of bony chambers within the temporal bone

A

inner ear

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28
Q

the 3 bony chambers within the temporal bone

A

cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals

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29
Q

equilibrium receptors of the inner ear are called _

A

vestibular apparatus

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30
Q

the 2 functional parts of the vestibular apparatus

A

static and dynamic equilibrium

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31
Q

receptors in the vestibule

A

maculae

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32
Q

maculae are a part of…

A

static equilibrium

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33
Q

report on the position of the head

A

maculae

34
Q

send info via the vestibular tube

A

maculae

35
Q

anatomy of the maculae: hair cells are embedded in the _

A

otolithic membrane

36
Q

tiny stones aka…

A

otolithes

37
Q

anatomy of the maculae: _ float in a gel around the hair cells

A

otolithes

38
Q

movemements cause otolithes to bend _

A

the hair cells

39
Q

these receptors respond to angular/ rotary movements

A

dynamic equilibrium

40
Q

in the ampulla of each semicircular canal

A

crista ampullaris

41
Q

crista ampullaris: dynamic equilibrium receptors are located in the _

A

semicircular canals

42
Q

tuft of hair cells covered with cupula (gelatinous cap)

A

crista ampularis

43
Q

dynamic equilibrium receptors

A

crista ampullaris

44
Q

if the head moves, the cupula drags against the _

A

endolymph

45
Q

gelatinous cap aka..

A

cupula

46
Q

action of angular head movements

A

dynamic equilibrium

47
Q

the movement of the _ stimulates hair cells

A

cupula

48
Q

dynamic equilibrium: an impulse sent via the _ to the _

A

via the vestibular nerve to the cerebellum

49
Q

located within the cochlea

A

organ of corti

50
Q

hair cells on the basilar membrane

A

receptors

51
Q

gel-like tectorial membrane is capable of…

A

bending hair cells

52
Q

cochlear nerve attached to hair cells transmits nerve impulses to _ on the temporal lobe

A

auditory cortex

53
Q

vibrations from sound waves move _

A

tectorial membrane

54
Q

_ are bent by the tectorial membrane

A

hair cells

55
Q

an action potential starts where?

A

in the cochlear nerve

56
Q

from the cochlear nerve where would an action potential/impulse travel?

A

the temporal lobe

57
Q

continued stimulation can lead to…

A

adaption

58
Q

_ pitched sounds disturb the short, stiff fibers of the basilar membrane

A

high pitched

59
Q

high pitched: receptor cells close to the _ are stimulated

A

oval window

60
Q

_ pitched sounds disturb the long, floppy fibers of the basilar membrane

A

low pitched

61
Q

low pitched: specific hair cells further along the _ are affected

A

cochlea

62
Q

structures composing the outer ear

A

pinna, external acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane

63
Q

structures composing the bony/ osseous labyrinth

A

cochlea, semicircular canals, vestibule

64
Q

name the ossicles

A

anvil (incus), hammer (malleus), stirrup (stapes)

65
Q

2 ear structures not involved with hearing

A

vestibule, semicircular canals

66
Q

chemical substances must be dissolved in aqueous solution to activate receptors for _ & _

A

smell & taste

67
Q

hairs are actually _ or _ with receptor sites

A

cilia or microvilli

68
Q

diff chem’s bind to diff receptor sites varying our perceptions of…

A

taste & smell

69
Q

the olfactory “smell” receptors are located in the _ aspect of each nasal cavity

A

superior aspect

70
Q

sniffling helps to bring more air (containing odors) over the _

A

olfactory mucosa

71
Q

olfactory pathways are closely linked to the _ “_”

A

limbic system “emotional brain”

72
Q

odors stimulate the recall of _ & arouse emotional responses

A

memories

73
Q

gustatory (taste) cells are located in the _ primarily on the _

A

taste buds, primarily on the tongue

74
Q

name the 5 major taste sensations

A

sweet, salt, sour, bitter, umami

75
Q

sweet:

A

sugars & sacharrine

76
Q

salt:

A

metal ions in solution

77
Q

sour:

A

hydrogen ions (H+) or acidity of solution

78
Q

bitter:

A

alkaloids, (many poisons)

79
Q

umami:

A

amino acid glutamate “beef taste”/ MSG, monosodium glutamate (flavor enhancer)

80
Q

influenced by sense of smell

A

taste

Anatomy (7 decks)

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