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Anatomy > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

organisms made up of a small number of cells depend on _ to import/export O2, nutrients, & waster products across cell membranes

A

diffusion

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2
Q

larger organisms cannot rely on _

A

diffusion

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3
Q

similar to a citys streets, highways & railways

A

circulatory system for transport

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4
Q

Humans and other vertabraes have _ circulatory systems

A

closed

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5
Q

3 things of human circ system

A

heart, blood vessels, blood that flows through them

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6
Q

heart is enclosed in a sac of tissue called the _

A

pericardium

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7
Q

thick layer of muscle within heart

A

myocardium

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8
Q

2 thin layers of _ & _ tissue form a sandwich around myocardium

A

epithelial & connective tissue

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9
Q

contractions of _ pump blood though circ sys

A

myocardium

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10
Q

heart beats _ xs per minute

A

72

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11
Q

_ml of blood in each contraction of heart

A

70ml

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12
Q

how many years of heart contractions would it take to fill up an Olympic pool?

A

1 year ( 2 million liters)

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13
Q

the _ divides the right and left sides of the heart

A

septum

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14
Q

the septum prevents the mixing of _ & _ blood

A

O2 rich & O2 poor

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15
Q

part of the heart that receives blood

A

upper chamber/ atrium

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16
Q

pumps blood out of heart

A

lower chamber/ ventricle

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17
Q

2 pathways of circ sys

A

pulmonary circulation & systematic circulation

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18
Q

carries blood between heart & lungs

A

pulmonary circulation

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19
Q

pulmonary circ: in the lungs, _ leaves the blood and O2 is absorbed

A

CO2

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20
Q

carries blood between heart & the rest of the body

A

systematic circ

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21
Q

blood that returns to the _ side of the heart is O2 poor bc cells have absorbed much of the
O2 & loaded the blood with CO2

A

right side

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22
Q

where are the 2 networks of muscle fibers in the heart

A

1 in the atria, and 1 in the ventricles

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23
Q

when a single fiber in either network of the heart is stimulated, the network (does or does not??) contract as a unit

A

does contract

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24
Q

where is the SA node located?

A

the sinoatrial node is located in the right atrium

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25
Q

a small group of cardiac muscle cells

A

the SA node

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26
Q

pacemaker, aka…

A

the SA node

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27
Q

impulse spreads from the SA node to the network of fibers in the _

A

atria

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28
Q

heart:: starting from the beginning, name the path of an impulse

A

SA node>fibers of atria>atrioventricular node> fibers of ventricles

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29
Q

when the network in the atria contracts, blood in the atria flows where?

A

into the ventricles

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30
Q

when the muscles in the ventricles contract , where does theblood flow?

A

outof the heart

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31
Q

names the 3 types of blood vessels

A

veins, capillaries, arteries

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32
Q

superhighways

A

arteries

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33
Q

large vessels thatcarry blood from the heartto the tissues of thebody

A

arteries

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34
Q

all _ carry O2-rich blood,except_?

A

arteries,except pulmonary arteries

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35
Q

has thick walls to withstand heart pressure

A

arteries

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36
Q

smallestof the blood vessels

A

capillaries

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37
Q

side streets & alleys

A

capillaries

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38
Q

walls are 1 cell thick

A

capillaries

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39
Q

usually so narrow that blood cells must pass through in single file

A

capillaries

40
Q

bring nutrients & O2 to the tissues & takes Co2 & other waste products away

A

capillaries

41
Q

return blood to heart

A

veins

42
Q

large ones contain valves that keep blood moving toward the heart

A

veins

43
Q

force of the blood on the _ is known as BP

A

Arteries

44
Q

2 waysof controlling BP

A

neural and hormonal control

45
Q

Neural control: neurons detect BP level, sending impulses to _

A

medulla oblongata

46
Q

if BP is too high, the ANS releases neurotransmitters that cause smooth muscles to _

A

relax

47
Q

if BP is too low, neurotransmitters are released that cause smooth muscles to _

A

contract

48
Q

which control elevates bp?

A

neural

49
Q

which control lowers bp(reduces blood volume)?

A

hormonal

50
Q

_ produced by the heart cause the kidneys to remove waterfrom the blood when bp is high

A

hormones

51
Q

sphygmomanometer is used for?

A

measuring BP

52
Q

typical bp reading for a healthy person:

A

120/80

53
Q

sphygmomanometer: air is pumped into cuff, artery gets blocked, pressure is released and pulse is listened to with a stethoscope,and 2 numbers are recorded. the 1st number is the _ pressure and the 2nd number is the _ pressure

A

the 1st number is the _systolic pressure and the 2nd number is the diastolic pressure

54
Q

the force felt in the arteries when the ventricles contract

A

systolic pressure

55
Q

the force felt in the arteries when the ventricles relax

A

dystolic pressure

56
Q

connective tissue with dissolved substanced and specialized cells

A

blood

57
Q

how many liters of blood do people have?

A

4-6 liters

58
Q

blood is what % of the bodys total mass?

A

8 %

59
Q

blood gets O2 from the _, nutrientsfrom the digestive tracts, and waste products from _

A

o2 from lungs,waste from body tissue

60
Q

blood plasma is _% water?

A

90%

61
Q

_% blood plasma dissolved: nutrients, enzymes, salts, gasses, hormones, waste products, plasma proteins

A

10%

62
Q

3 groups of plasma proteins:

A

albumins, globulins, & fibrinogen

63
Q

transport fatty acids, hormones and vitamins/ help to regulate osmotic pressure & blood volume

A

albumins

64
Q

transport fatty acids, hormones and vitamins/ some fight viral and bacterial infections

A

globulins

65
Q

responsible for the ability of blood to clot

A

fibrinogen

66
Q

_ portion of blood consists of redblood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

A

cellular portion

67
Q

red blood cells transport:

A

O2

68
Q

_ help in the clotting process

A

platelets

69
Q

most numerous cells in the blood

A

redblood cells

70
Q

1 ml of blood= how many red blood cells?

A

5 million

71
Q

gets color from hemoglobin

A

red blood cells

72
Q

iron-containing protein that binds to O2

A

hemoglobin

73
Q

produced from cells in redbone marrow

A

red blood cells

74
Q

red blood cells circulate, and it is how many days before they are worn out>

A

120 days

75
Q

red blood cells are worn from:

A

too much squeezing through narrow capillaries, destroyed in liver and spleen

76
Q

leukocytes, aka…

A

white blood cells

77
Q

do not contain hemoglobin

A

white blood cells

78
Q

1000 _ to 1 _

A

1000 RBC to 1 WBC

79
Q

produced from bone marrow and contains nuclei

A

white blood cells

80
Q

live for days,months, even years

A

white blood cells

81
Q

As blood circulates, some fluid leaks from blood into surrounding tissues. how many liters a day?

A

3L, this helps to maintain movement of nutrients and salt

82
Q

if leakage of blood went uncheckedm the body would begin to…?

A

swell with fluid

83
Q

a network of vessels, nodes, and organs called the _ collects the fluid and returns it back to the circ sys

A

lymphatic sys

84
Q

fluid =? _(1 word)

A

lymph

85
Q

collectsin lymphatic capillaries & flowsinto larger lymph vessels

A

lymph

86
Q

lymph vessels contain valves that prevent lymph from flowing _

A

backwards

87
Q

lymph: ducts collect the lymph and return it to the circ sys through 2 openings where?

A

in the superior vena cava

88
Q

small, bean-shaped enlargements called:

A

lymph nodes

89
Q

act as filters, trapping bacteria & other microorganisms that cause disease

A

lymph nodes

90
Q

when large #s of microorganisms are trapped in the lymph nodes,the nodes become…?

A

enlarged

91
Q

swollen glands= swollen …

A

lymph nodes

92
Q

_ line the intestines & absord fatsoluble vitamins and carry them into the blood

A

lymph vessels (play a large role in nutrient absorption)

93
Q

under osmotic pressure from the blood, or contractions of nearby skeletal muscles:::: 2 reasons for _ movements

A

lymph

94
Q

mature in the thymus before that can function in the immune system

A

certain lymphocytes called T cells

95
Q

the cells that recognize foreign invaders in the body

A

T cells

96
Q

helps to cleanse the body and removes damaged blood cells from the circ sys

A

spleen

97
Q

harbors phagocytes that engulf & destroy bacteria

A

spleen

Anatomy (7 decks)

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