The Dutch Revolt

Question 1

I) Why was Taxation a reason for the Revolt?

II) Why was this a problem unique to Phillip

Answer 1

I) There had been a time of prosperity in the Netherlands, and as such the locals well less open to have taxation
II) Charles lived in the Netherlands, whereas Phillip never even visited

Question 2

Give 2 major events that distracted Phillip from the Netherlands

Answer 2

I) The Ottoman Empire

II) The Don Carlos Crisis

Question 3

Why was pressure form the Ottoman Empire somewhat relaxed by 1556?

Answer 3

The death of Suleiman the Magnificent

Question 4

Give 3 indicators or religious tensions between Spain and the Netherlands

Answer 4

I) The growth of Dutch Calvinism
II) The Church and Monastery attacks of 1556 by Dutch Calvinists
III) Phillip refused the Treaty delivered to him by William of Orange due to it requiring religious concessions

Question 5

What was the biggest religion in the Netherlands

Answer 5

Catholicism

Question 6

Why is it arguable that religion was less of a problem than it seemed?

Answer 6

Many people who supported the Calvinists simply did it because it was anti-spain. Most of them were still Catholic.

Question 7

Why could Phillip not simply abandon the Netherlands?

Answer 7

It was critical to the Spanish economy

Question 8

Give one indicator of the Netherlands being important to the Spanish economy

Answer 8

60% of Spanish wool went to the Low Countries

Question 9

Give one indicator of Military problems

Answer 9

Governors could not keep armies up

Question 10

How many Mutinies occurred between 1572 and 1607?

Answer 10

As many as 46

Question 11

Give 3 policy changes that effected the Dutch opinion of Spain

Answer 11

I) Phillip’s overly ambitious plans for Ecclesiastical reorganisation
II) Many of the Religious changes alienated the Dutch political elites
III) The secrecy behind the changes sparked outrage, as they must have been in the works for years

Question 12

Why did Phillip’s Policies seem so out of touch?

Answer 12

Phillip only had Spanish advisors and spent no time in the Netherlands

Question 13

Which of Phillip’s advisors was most in favour of a visit to the Netherlands?

Answer 13

Ruy Gomez

Question 14

Give 3 effects of Phillip’s lack of time in the Netherlands?

Answer 14

I) The Dutch people became convinced he was placing Spain above the Netherlands
II) His policies were out of touch
III) Phillip wanted to keep the Dutch subordinate

Question 15

Who oversaw the Netherlands between 1567-1573?

Answer 15

The Duke of Alba

Question 16

I) Which council did Alba form?

II) What did they do?

Answer 16

I) The council of troubles

II) Arrested 12,300 people and executed 1,100 between 1567-73

Question 17

What was the Council of Troubles nicknamed by the Dutch?

Answer 17

The Council of Blood

Question 18

Why did the Spanish troops get a bad name in the Netherlands?

Answer 18

The committed numerous acts of violence such as the Siege of Harlem 1572. These were not the orders of Alba

Question 19

I) Who led a military expedition to remove Alba?

II) When was he defeated?

Answer 19

I) William of Orange

II) 1570

Question 20

I) What financial decision led to an uprising?

II) Why was it introduced

Answer 20

I) The introduction of the Tenth Penny Tax

II) Phillip would not give Alba money to maintain the Garrison

Question 21

I) How was the Dutch
Garrison eventually funded
II) How much did it cost?

Answer 21

I) Castille

II) 700,000 Ducats per month

Question 22

I) How much did Phillip’s religious reforms up the number of bishops by?
II) What was the reasoning for this?
III) Why did this anger the Dutch?

Answer 22

I) From 4 to 18
II) Easier to provide for “religious needs” and combat heresy
III) It gave greater religious power to Phillip

Question 23

Why did the creation of an inner advisory council anger the Dutch?

Answer 23

The council was made up of supporters of a centralised government

Question 24

I) What was the final straw which started the Dutch revolt?

II) When did it start?

Answer 24

I) Widening the remit of the Inquisition in the Netherlands to start persecuting Calvinists
II) 1566

Question 25

What was the first major action of the revolt?

Answer 25

Catholic churches and icons were attacked in 1566