Phillip: Ottomans

Question 1

What are the 2 main reasons Phillip felt confident to enter a conflict with the Ottomans?

Answer 1

1) He had peace with France

2) The Sultan was old and his sons were in conflict

Question 2

Why were the Ottoman military so feared?

Answer 2

They advanced navy and and the elite Janissaries

Question 3

What alliance allowed the Ottomans to be a consistent threat?

Answer 3

Relations with the Barbary States

Question 4

Why were Winters a key reason for the Ottoman defeat?

Answer 4

The Ottomans avoided lengthy military campaigns in winter, and this split them from their Muslim allies

Question 5

What was the main disruption caused by the Ottomans?

Answer 5

The raiding of the Spanish and Italian coast

Question 6

Why was Phillips inherited foreign policy an issue when dealing with the Ottomans?

Answer 6

He had to spend most of his resources dealing with the further parts of his empire

Question 7

When did the Corsairs begin to become a major threat to Phillip?

Answer 7

The late 1560’s. They operated in large squadrons and had a strong military

Question 8

1) When did Phillip embark on the expedition to Tripoli?

2) Why was this arguably a mistake?

Answer 8

I) 1559

II) Phillips navy was comparably weak

Question 9

Why was the Expedition in Tripoli arguably an economic miscalculation?

Answer 9

It tied up money that could have been better spent elsewhere, and it took 18 years

Question 10

How did the Ottomans have an advantage at Tripoli?

Answer 10

They saw the spanish ships coming, and warned the Tripoli garrison

Question 11

Which Turkish admiral defeated Spain?

Answer 11

Piali Pasha

Question 12

How much did Spain loose in the Tripoli offensive?

Answer 12

42 of 80 vessels and 18,000 men

Question 13

What were the wider effects of the Tripoli offencive?

Answer 13

Spanish veterans had to be moved from the Netherlands to bolster the offensive

Question 14

How did Turgut Reis (Dragut) pressure spain?

Answer 14

Blockaded Naples with 35 vessels

Question 15

What did the Ottomans do to exploit Spanish weaknesses in 1565?

Answer 15

Besieged Malta

Question 16

Why did the seige of Malta show incompetence on the part of the Garrison?

Answer 16

Despite repeated warnings about the incoming offensive, they were taken by surprise

Question 17

What was the outcome of the 1565 seige of Malta?

Answer 17

The Ottomans were unsuccessful?

Question 18

What happened in 1566 near Malaga?

Answer 18

28 Biscayan ships were lost to the Ottomans

Question 19

I) What seige took place in 1570?

II) What was the result?

Answer 19

I) The Ottomans besieged Cyprus

II) The seige was successful

Question 20

Why were the joint Spanish, Venetian, Genoese and Papal forces inconsequential in the seige of Cyprus?

Answer 20

They did not get to Cyprus before it fell

Question 21

What were the major reforms Phillip put into place regarding the Ottomans?

Answer 21

Military and Naval

Question 22

What prior strategy led to the successful defence of Oran in 1563?

Answer 22

Defensive military tactics and allowing the navy to re-group

Question 23

Why was Jean Parisot de Valette a key component to the successful defence of Malta?

Answer 23

He foresaw that the seige would be long, and made sure the garrison was well stocked

Question 24

What were the numbers of Ottomans VS The Garrison of Malta

Answer 24

30,000 vs 9,000

Question 25

What docking mistake did the Ottomans make at Malta?

Answer 25

They docked on the south side at the island, which made it harder to stop communication between Malta and Sicily

Question 26

What victory in the 1520s cemented the Ottoman control of the Mediterranean

Answer 26

Rhodes