Phillip: Ottomans Flashcards
What are the 2 main reasons Phillip felt confident to enter a conflict with the Ottomans?
1) He had peace with France
2) The Sultan was old and his sons were in conflict
Why were the Ottoman military so feared?
They advanced navy and and the elite Janissaries
What alliance allowed the Ottomans to be a consistent threat?
Relations with the Barbary States
Why were Winters a key reason for the Ottoman defeat?
The Ottomans avoided lengthy military campaigns in winter, and this split them from their Muslim allies
What was the main disruption caused by the Ottomans?
The raiding of the Spanish and Italian coast
Why was Phillips inherited foreign policy an issue when dealing with the Ottomans?
He had to spend most of his resources dealing with the further parts of his empire
When did the Corsairs begin to become a major threat to Phillip?
The late 1560’s. They operated in large squadrons and had a strong military
1) When did Phillip embark on the expedition to Tripoli?
2) Why was this arguably a mistake?
I) 1559
II) Phillips navy was comparably weak
Why was the Expedition in Tripoli arguably an economic miscalculation?
It tied up money that could have been better spent elsewhere, and it took 18 years
How did the Ottomans have an advantage at Tripoli?
They saw the spanish ships coming, and warned the Tripoli garrison
Which Turkish admiral defeated Spain?
Piali Pasha
How much did Spain loose in the Tripoli offensive?
42 of 80 vessels and 18,000 men
What were the wider effects of the Tripoli offencive?
Spanish veterans had to be moved from the Netherlands to bolster the offensive
How did Turgut Reis (Dragut) pressure spain?
Blockaded Naples with 35 vessels
What did the Ottomans do to exploit Spanish weaknesses in 1565?
Besieged Malta
Why did the seige of Malta show incompetence on the part of the Garrison?
Despite repeated warnings about the incoming offensive, they were taken by surprise
What was the outcome of the 1565 seige of Malta?
The Ottomans were unsuccessful?
What happened in 1566 near Malaga?
28 Biscayan ships were lost to the Ottomans
I) What seige took place in 1570?
II) What was the result?
I) The Ottomans besieged Cyprus
II) The seige was successful
Why were the joint Spanish, Venetian, Genoese and Papal forces inconsequential in the seige of Cyprus?
They did not get to Cyprus before it fell
What were the major reforms Phillip put into place regarding the Ottomans?
Military and Naval
What prior strategy led to the successful defence of Oran in 1563?
Defensive military tactics and allowing the navy to re-group
Why was Jean Parisot de Valette a key component to the successful defence of Malta?
He foresaw that the seige would be long, and made sure the garrison was well stocked
What were the numbers of Ottomans VS The Garrison of Malta
30,000 vs 9,000
What docking mistake did the Ottomans make at Malta?
They docked on the south side at the island, which made it harder to stop communication between Malta and Sicily
What victory in the 1520s cemented the Ottoman control of the Mediterranean
Rhodes
