Phillip: Religion and Society

Question 1

Give 3 examples of Phillip’s pious nature

Answer 1

1. He consulted religious advisers even on political decisions
2. His palace included a monastery of Jeronimite monks
3. He attended daily mass and heard sermons at least once a week

Question 2

Give 3 examples of Phillip wanting the Church to be fully under his control

Answer 2

1. In November 1559, A royal edict recalled any Spaniards studying abroad
2. Phillip broke ties with religion of foreign origin, such as when he secured the separation of the Spanish province of the Cistercian Order from the jurisdiction of Citeaux in France
3. He took as much as 50% of their revenues and still employed the lucrative Cruzada and Subsidio taxes

Question 3

Who founded the Jesuits?

Answer 3

Ignatius of Loyola

Question 4

Why did national rivalries appear in the Jesuit Order?

Answer 4

They aimed to build political support form their own countries. This led to a divide in the group

Question 5

Why were the Jesuits somewhat of benefit to the Spanish Crown and Church?

Answer 5

They helped to revive Spanish Catholicism

Question 6

Give an example of Phillip favouring politics over religion

Answer 6

His approach to England, specifically his thwarting of the excommunication of Elizabeth 1

Question 7

Give 3 main points of conflict between the Pope and Phillip

Answer 7

1. No papal decrees were published without the approval of the Council of Castille
2. The Crown held ecclesiastical tribunes at the Council of Castile and routinely rejected appeals to Rome.
3. The Carranza case. Phillip wanted him tried in Spain, the Pope wanted him tried in Italy. Eventually Phillip yielded.

Question 8

What is theorised to be the reason Phillip yielded on the Carranza case?

Answer 8

It would lead to the Pope approving Cruzada Tax

Question 9

Why did Phillip never overstep despite conflicts with the Popes?

Answer 9

He needed their financial, and sometimes moral, support

Question 10

What was the aim of the Council of Trent?

Answer 10

Respond to protestant teachings through decrees and reform the corruption and abuses within the church

Question 11

How many Spaniards were in the Council of Trent as of their last meeting in 1562-3?

Answer 11

130

Question 12

What was the main weakness with the Council of Trent?

Answer 12

It’s reliance on rulers to comply

Question 13

What was the focus of the Council of Trent in Spain, and what were its effects (2)?

Answer 13

To improve the Power and Efficiency of Bishops.

1. 6 new bishoprics in Aragon were established
2. The Castilian Bishopric of Burgos was upgraded to an Archbishopric

Question 14

Who was Guillem Cassador and what effect did the council of Trent have on him?

Answer 14

He was the Archbishop of Barcelona and returned to his diocese determined to implement the Tridentine reforms