Isabella and Ferdinand: The New World

Question 1

Why were settlements in the New World seen as beneficial?

Answer 1

Colonies in Africa and the Mediterranean were no longer an option due to the Ottoman Empire

Question 2

What treaty saw Portugal renounce their claim to the Canary Islands?

Answer 2

The Treaty of Alcacovas (1479)

Question 3

What year did a Papal Bull gran Isabella and Ferdinand of nay New World land their found?

Answer 3

1493

Question 4

What were the three main objectives in the New World?

Answer 4

1. Set up colonies
2. Find Gold and Silver
3. Convert the natives to Catholicism

Question 5

Why did private finance of New World expeditions become prevelant?

Answer 5

Investors were offered the change to become “Conquistadores”, and a share in the spoils

Question 6

I) Where was the Indies trade centralised?
II) When
III) What was this called?

Answer 6

I) Seville
II) 1503
III) The Casa de Contratacion (House of Trade)

Question 7

What was the condition that the Pope granted I+F control of the new world?

Answer 7

That the natives were converted to Christianity

Question 8

What was the major change in the new world after Isabella died

Answer 8

The West Indies were exploited more by Ferdinand, and in 20 years the native races were nearing extinction

Question 9

How did the natives suffer under Spanish rule?

Answer 9

• Worked to death

- Starved on transportation ships

Question 10

How did the Treaty of Alcacovas help I+F colonise the New World (3)

Answer 10

1) Portugal renounced its claim to the Canary Islands leading I+F to take Grand Canary, La Palma and Tenerife
2) The Canary Islands were stepping stones to future exploration
3) Relations improved between Castile, Aragon and Portugal: More marriage alliances.

Question 11

Why was Spain worried about Portugal in the NW?

Answer 11

Portugal had a strong Navy and had already conquered overseas territories in west Africa, making a conquest of America easier

Question 12

What did the Pope do about Portugal and the NW?

Answer 12

Prevented Portugal from invading the NW and suggesting the treaty divide the land. It was divided heavily in Spains favour

Question 13

I) What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?

II) When was it signed?

Answer 13

I) An agreement between Spain and Portugal to settle conflicts over land in America.
II) 1494

Question 14

How was the New World broken up in the Treaty of Tordesillas?

Answer 14

Portugal took Brazil, and Spain was given the right to colonise the rest of America

Question 15

How was the Ecomienda system (1503) supposed to work?

Answer 15

The Natives had to provide “tribute” to the Spaniards, and in return the Spaniards would protect the natives, teach them Spanish and about Christianity

Question 16

What was the role of the Christian Missionaries?

Answer 16

To spread Christianity beyond Europe

Question 17

How many Priests were brought by Ovando to the new world in 1502?

Answer 17

4

Question 18

What was the first town made by the Spanish in the New World?

Answer 18

Santo Domingo 1496

Question 19

I) How did I+F set up control of the new world and what was the importance of San Domingo

Answer 19

After a hurricane destroyed most of Santo Domingo, they rebuilt it as an administration centre. It ran the colonies and maintained contact with Spain. A new cathedral was also built

Question 20

How did the Laws of Burgos both aid and exploit the natives at the same time?

Answer 20

Aid:
Upheld the Ecomienda system which paid them a salary. It also ensured they were treated well

Exploit: