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Year 9 Biology > The Digestive System > Flashcards

The Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

What has to happen to these large insoluble molecules?

A

Must be broken down (digested) into small soluble molecules before they can be absorbed into blood stream

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2
Q

What are the 5 main stages in the digestive system?

A
  • Indigestion
  • digestion
  • absorption
  • assimilation
  • egestion
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3
Q

What is indigestion?

A

When food is taken in through the mouth

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4
Q

What is digestion?

A

When the food is broken down into soluble substances

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5
Q

What is absorption?

A

When the molecules are absorbed into blood stream and transported around the body.

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6
Q

What is assimilation?

A

When the soluble products are taken into cells where they are used

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7
Q

What is egestion?

A

Removal of waste food

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8
Q

Most of the food we eat is made up of…

A

Large insoluble molecules

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9
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

Food is broken up teeth and tongue in mouth and churned in stomach by muscular movements

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10
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

When food is broken down by enzymes

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11
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

A special molecule that speeds up breakdown of food

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12
Q

What are the three main enzymes?

A
  • Amylase
  • protease
  • lipase
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13
Q

What does an amylase enzyme do?

A

Breaks down carbohydrates into simple sugars

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14
Q

What does an protease enzyme do?

A

Breaks down proteins into amino acids

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15
Q

What does an lipase enzyme do?

A

Breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol

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16
Q

How many parts is there in the digestive system?

A

6

17
Q

What are the parts of the digestive system?

A
  • mouth
  • Oesophagus
  • stomach
  • digestion into the small intestine, liver and pancreas
  • absorption in the small intestine
  • large intestine
18
Q

What happens in to first part of the digestive system (mouth)?

A
  • food mechanically digested by teeth
  • food mixes with saliva which lubricates food for swallowing
  • saliva contains amylase
  • chewing makes food easier to swallow and increases surface area of food
19
Q

What happens in the second part of the digestive system (Oesophagus)?

A
  • food is pushed along this tube from mouth to stomach by waves of muscular movements (peristalsis)
  • muscles above bolus have to contract
  • muscles below bolus have to relax to allow food to pass down to stomach
20
Q

What happens in the third part of the digestive system (Stomach)?

A
  • Swallowed food enters stomach
  • stomach is a large muscular bag able to expand when large amount of food has been eaten
  • food stays I stomach for about 4 hours
  • food is digested by constant muscle contraction
  • glands in stomach release hydrauchloric acid which kills germs
  • rings of muscle at exit of stomach help acidic food move through duodenum bit by bit
21
Q

What happens in the fourth part of the digestive system (Digestion in the small intestine, liver and pancreas)?

A
  • First part of small intestine is duodenum
  • bile is released into duodenum and helps neutralise stomach acid
  • pancreas produces juice containing enzymes
  • enzymes are released into the ileum where digestion is completed
  • soluble products are then absorbed through intestinal wall into blood
22
Q

What happens in the fifth part of the digestive system (Absorption in the small intestine)?

A
  • small intestine is 7m long
  • this is to help food be passed into bloodstream
  • on folds are thousands of fingerlike projections called villi
  • villus is made up of microvilli
  • lining is very thin, usually one cell thick. this allows easy passage of digested food
  • well supplied with blood vessels close to surface to carry away food
23
Q

What happens in the sixth part of the digestive system (The large intestine)?

A
  • all that’s left of passed through food is a wet mixture of indigestible fibre, bacteria and dead cells
  • most remaining water is absorbed into bloodstream
  • fibre helps food move smoothly along
  • faeces is stored in rectum before passed through anus
24
Q

What is the faeces?

A

Remaining material after food has been digested in the large intestine

25
Q

What are the villi?

A

Finger like projections that increase surface area for absorption

26
Q

What are the microvilli?

A

Microscopic folds of ileum that increase surface area even more than villi

27
Q

What is the ileum?

A

The third and end part of the small intestine

28
Q

What is a bolus?

A

A swallowed chunk of food

29
Q

What is the anus?

A

An opening in which solid waste matter leaves body

30
Q

What is egestion?

A

Waste matter (I think)

31
Q

What is excretion?

A

Getting rid of waste materials

Year 9 Biology (11 decks)

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