The decline of the IPP and the Rise of Sinn Fein Flashcards
What was Griffith’s middle way
a monarchist approach between Home Rule and a republic
How many seats did Sinn Fein win in 1910
7
Who was criticised for their heavy-handed approach to the handling of the rebels of 1916
Major-General Sir John Maxwell
What did the British government wrongly term the Easter Rising
the Sinn Fein Rebellion
The protracted and secretive nature of the executions shocked Ireland as the image of “–” was prevalent
“blood seeping under a closed door”
Which rebel was shot propped up on a chair because he could not stand up
James Connolly
Which historian described the build up of a “cult of dead leaders” after the rebels executions
Lyons
Which historian said this: “Sinn Fein’s birth certificate had been written with steel in the immortal blood of the martyrs of 1916.”
Sean O’Kelly
Dillon exposed the British atrocity whereby which writer was murdered whilst in custody
Francis Sheeky-Skeffington
What had Cardinal Logue said about the Lloyd-George negotiations
“it would be infinitely better to remain as we are for 50 more years than to accept these proposals”
What did Redmond say at Woodenbridge
He pledged Irish support to serve “not only in Ireland itself, but wherever the firing line extends”
Redmond’s woodenbridge speech caused a split in the IVF. How many joined the newly created Irish Volunteers under Eoin MacNeill
12 000
What cabinet did Redmond refuse to join, thus allowing Carson and B-L to exert significant influence
the War Cabinet
The IPP won 5 by elections between what — 1914 and —-1916
December 1914 and March 1916
What did Redmond agree to during the Lloyd George negotiations which dealt a fatal blow to the IPP
He agreed to a compromise of temporary exclusion of Fermanangh, Antrim, Tyrone, Londonderry, Armagh and Down even though this did not happen as Br govt insisted on permamnent exclusion
When were the Lloyd George negotiations
May-July 1916
When was the West Cork by-election
November 1916
Did SF or the IPP win the West Cork by-election
IPP
Who represented Sinn Fein in the West Cork by-election
MacCurtain, an interned volunteer in Reading
Who succeeded Asquith as Br PM
Lloyd George
One of Lloyd George’s first acts as PM was to release internees from —– and —– jail in Dec 1916
Frongoch and Reading jail
When was the North Roscommon by-election
3 Feb 1917
Who represented Sinn Fein, whilst standing as an independent, in the North Roscommon by-election
Count George Noble Plunkett
Who was Count George Noble Plunkett the father of
executed IRB leader Joseph Plunkett
In what by-election did youthful SF volunteers carry elderly voters through the snow, bridging the generation gap
the North Roscommon by election
Who helped involve the younger clergy in the North Roscommon by-election
Father Flanagan
Who, newly released from Frongoch, campaigned dynamically for the North Roscommon byelection
Michael Collins
What were the results of the North Roscommon by-election
SF 3077 votes
IPP 1708
Within Sinn Fein, there were divisions in the leadership between
Plunkett and Griffith
Plunkett’s overbearing leadership style alienated many of the bodies which combined to make up the separatist movement. This was made clear by many separatist delegates refusing to attend —– after being invited by Plunkett
the April convention at Dublin Mansion House
A split in SF was averted when Griffith and —- pieced together a compromise: “The Mansion House Committee”
O’Flanagan
By Oct 1917, how many members did Sinn Fein have
200 000
In July 1917, how many members did Sinn Fein have
11 000
By Oct 1917, how many clubs did Sinn Fein have
1200, a SF club in every parish in Ireland
When was the South Longford by-election
May 1917
Who did SF run in the South Longford by-election
a prisoner candidate, Joe McGuiness
In the South Longford by-election, Michael Collins persisted with the campaign slogan —-
“Put him in, to get him out.”
What about the South Longford by-election suggests SF vote-rigging
First count, IPP’s Patrick MacKenna won by 37 votes but more votes were later discovered
Who stood for the IPP in the South Longford by-elections
Patrick MacKenna
When did Dillon accuse Lloyd George in the House of Commons of “manufacturing Sinn Feiners by tens of thousands” and undermining constitutional nationalism
26 Feb 1917
Who, on the 8 May 1917, right before the South Longford by-election, blasted the IPP in the ‘Irish Independent’ for its concessions on partition
Dr William Walsh, Archbishop of Dublin
When were Eamon de Valera and Thomas Ashe released from Lewes jail
June 1917
Which newspaper remarked that “Most young priests support Sinn Fein… their attitudes are undoubtedly doing harm to the Redmondite prospects.”
The Irish Times
Which historian argues that the bonding between Sinn Fein and the church was putting “an end to the claims that Sinn Fein was led by a bunch of dangerous and unpredictable revolutionaries”
Rees
When was the East Clare by-election
11 July 1917
Who represented SF in the East Clare by-election
De Valera
What did De Valera do in the East Clare by-election to present himself as an Easter Rising hero
campaigned in his Volunteer uniform
What did De Valera promise to do if elected
refuse to take his seat at Westminster and demand a place at the postwar Peace Conference
Which Easter hero won the Kilkenny by-election August 1917
W T Cosgrave
Where was Thomas Ashe imprisoned the second time
Mountjoy jail
How did Thomas Ashe die
he went on hunger strike in Mountjoy jail, demanding special category status, was subsequently force fed by the British government and died
When did Thomas Ashe die
September 1917
How many people attended the funeral of Thomas Ashe
40 000
Where did Collins make the graveside oration at the funeral of Thomas Ashe
Glasnevin
Which 3 people were the key players for the SF Volunteers
De Valera, Collins and Brugha
DeV, Collins and Brugha intended to hold a separate convention at the same time as —–
the SF Ard Fheis Oct 1917
When was the SF Ard Fheis
25 and 26 Oct 1917
Who was made president of the Sinn Fein Executive
De Valera
Who became vice president of the Sinn Fein Executive
Griffith
What was the ‘compromise formula’ which DeV came up with at the SF And Fheis 1917
“Sinn Fein aims at securing the international recognition of Ireland as an independent Irish republic. Having achieved that status, the Irish people may, by referendum, freely choose their own form of government.”
What did De Valera say in his presidential address which opponents later used against him
“We are not doctrinaire republicans”
De Valera was key in maintaining SF unity, what did he say about the Dec 1918 general election at the SF Ard Fheis which encapsulates his thinking
“get this and we will agree to differ afterwards”
When did the Volunteer executive meet, electing De Valera as President of the Volunteers
27 October 1917
What did historian Rees say about De Valera’s dual role of president of both the volunteers and Sinn Fein Executive
“It fused the physical force and constitutional elements, and this proved crucial in the struggle for Irish freedom.”
When was the Irish Convention
July 1917
Where did the Irish Convention eet
Trinity College, Dublin
Why did Ulster Unionists have little reason to attend the Irish Convention
They had already been guaranteed partition by the Lloyd George Talks
Who led the Southern Unionists in the Irish Convention
Midleton
Why did Sinn Fein not attend the Irish Convention 1917 (2 reasons)
- they wanted a Republic, not home rule, so saw lil pt in attending
- their electoral gains had been largely due to Redmond’s willigness to debate and compromise. Thus their own participation in similar tactics would leave them open to debate and ridicule
Which group was unconstructively silent during the Irish Convention 1917
Ulster Unionists
Why did Southern Unionists co-operate with Nationalitss
they recognised that constitutional nationalism was their best defence to the radical republican movement, and conceded that some form of Irish selfgovt was inevitable.
Redmond gave his support. to the Midleton compromise over custom duties on what date
4 Jan 1918
When did Redmond return to Dublin for crucial debate of Irish Convention to find that his closest colleagues opposed the Midleton compromise
15 Jan 1918
Which 3 of Redmond’s closest colleagues opposed his concession of fiscal autonomy in the Midleton Compromise
Devlin, Bishop O’Donnell and Dillon
When did Redmond die
6 March 1918
What did Historian McDowell say about the Ulster Unionists presence in the Irish Convention
“they had come not to help, but to wreck”
Postwar, IPP won 3 successive by elections, 2 of which were in
Ulster
In County Waterford, who won a seat for the IPP
Captain Willie Redmond, son of John Redmond
When the German offensive on the Western front created a sudden shortage of manpower in the Br power, the cabinet now looked to Ireland to produce the —- men needed
150 000
When was the Military Service Bill introduced
10 April 1918
When was the Military Service Bill passed
16 April 1918
During the debate over Conscription crisis at Westminster, what did Dillon do
warned the Br govt that “All Ireland will rise against you.” before leading his party from the house
When was the Mansion House Conference 1918
18 April
Who attended the Mansion House Conference of 1918
SF, IPP, Labour representatives and William O’Brien (leader of dissident Nationalist All for Ireland League)
What was De Valera;s anti conscription pledge of the Mansion House Conference 1918
They promised “to resist conscription by the most effective means at our disposal”
Where did bishops of the Catholic Church meet when signing a statement in which they claimed that the Irish people had a right to resist conscription “by all means that are consonant with the law of God”
Maynooth
In May 1918 the British compounded their conscription error by ordering the arrest of — SF leaders by the new Chief governor in Ireland
73
who was the new Chief governor in Ireland who ordered the arrest of many SF leaders
Viceroy Lord French
How did Michael Collins exploit his knowledge of plans for the German Plot
he planted leaders in locations the police could expect to find them, being fully aware of the publicity value of having Irish political leaders incarcerated in British prisons
Which 4 key people were arrested due to the ‘German Plot’ conspiracy
de Valera, Griffith, Plunkett and Markievicz
When was the East Cavan by-election
21 June 1918
Who did SF nominate as their candidate for the East Cavan by-election
Griffith
Who won the East Cavan by-election
Griffith
When did Viceroy Lord Frencg declare that SF, Volunteers, Cumann na mBan and the Gaelic League were dangerous associations
3 July 1918
What were the results of the East Cavan by-election
Griffith won by 3785 votes to 2581
When did Labour’s party executive vote to stand down from the 1918 election 96-23
1 November 1918
How did a paper shortage affect the IPP’s campaign
Dillon had to rely on the press, but a paper shortage meant that the circulation of the ‘Freeman’s journal’ was restricted to 20-25 000 copies compared to the usual 50 000, hampering their campaign
When did WW1 End
11 November 1918
What was SF’s 4 point manifesto for the Dec 1918 election
- Abstain from Westminster
- Use ‘any and every means available to render impotent the power of England to hold Ireland in subjection’
- Establish its own constituent assembly
- Take Ireland’s case for independence to the Peace COnference
When were Results for the Dec 1918 election announced
28 Dec 1918
How many seats did SF win in the Dec 1918 GE
73 seats
How many seats did Unionists win in the Dec 1918 GE
26 seats
How many seats did the IPP win in the Dec 1918 GE
6 seats
How many seats did SF win without a contest, most of which being in Munster
25 seats
The 1918 GE was held with universal suffrage, how much did this increase the Irish electorate
700 000 voters to just under 2 million
