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History A2 Ireland > Northern Ireland > Flashcards

Northern Ireland Flashcards

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1
Q

When did the Government of Ireland Act receive royal assent

A

23 December 1920

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2
Q

When did the Government of Ireland Act come into operation

A

3 May 1921

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3
Q

How long after the government of Ireland Act came into operation were elections to the two parliaments held

A

3 weeks later

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4
Q

In the NI parliament elections, Unionists won how many seats

A

40/52

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5
Q

Who was the first prime minister of Northern Ireland

A

James Craig

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6
Q

Who became NI Minister of Finance

A

Hugh Pollock

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7
Q

Who became NI Minister of Home affairs

A

Sir Richard Dawson Bates

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8
Q

Who became NI Minister of Labour

A

J M Andrews

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9
Q

Who became NI Minister of Education

A

Lord Londonderry

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10
Q

Who became NI minister of Agriculture and Commerce

A

Edward Acrhdale

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11
Q

What did Unionists think would give partition an air of permanence

A

the creation of NI institutions and the effective day-to-day functioning of an administration

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12
Q

By summer 1920, the Unionist govt had the assistance of nearly —— administrative experts from Westminster

A

200

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13
Q

By summer —— the uNionist govt had the assistance o nearly 200 administrative experts from Westminster

A

1920

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14
Q

How many civil servants were transferred from Dublin Castle to Belfast

A

300

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15
Q

The NI parliament was opened in June 1921 by who

A

King George V

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16
Q

How long did the NI “Troubles” last

A

June 1920 to June 1922

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17
Q

The War of Independence spilled into Derry when, as the IRA attacked the policy

A

June 1920

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18
Q

The spillover of the War of independence into Derry 1920 led to the mobilisation of —–

A

former UVF groups

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19
Q

Who was Colonel Smyth

A

the RIC Divisional Commander in Cork

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20
Q

When and where was Colonel Smyth assassinated

A

17 July 1920
Cork

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21
Q

What happened as a consequence of Colonel Smyth’s assassination July 1920

A

serious riots in his hometown, Banbridge, during the Twelfth celebrations
Catholic families driven from their homes by angry mobs and Catholic workers driven from the shipyard in Belfast

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22
Q

When and where was District Inspector Swanzy murdered

A

August 1920
Lisburn

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23
Q

What happened as a consequence of District Inspector Swanzy’s murder

A

a pogrom on Catholic families in Lisburn, many of whom fled to Dundalk

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24
Q

When did the battle for Belfast start

A

June 1920

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25
Q

What impact did the 1920 battle for Belfast have on Catholics

A

8000 catholics driven from their homes
6000 catholics expelled from their jobs

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26
Q

When was the Ulster Special Constabulary (USC) set up

A

October 1920

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27
Q

What 3 classes was the Ulster Special Constabular divided into

A

A Specials
B Specials
C Specials

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28
Q

What were the A Specials

A

Division of the Ulster Special Constabulary
full time paid constables
numbered 3500

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29
Q

What were the B Specials

A

Division of the Ulster Special COnstabulary
part-time constables, with allowance and who operated in their own localities
numbered 16500

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30
Q

What were the C Specials

A

Division of t he Ulster Special COnstabulary
unpaid reserve of mainly older men available in emergencies

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31
Q

Craig did make an astonishing attempt to promote peace by secretly meeting who near Dublin in May 1921

A

De Valera

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32
Q

The full granting of security and policing powers to NI were given by Westminster when

A

November 1921

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33
Q

The same week Westminster granted full security and policing powers to NI, how many sectarian murders were there in NI

A

27

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34
Q

In the first 6 months of 1922 how many murders were there

A

236

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35
Q

Who was appointed security advisor to the NI government

A

Sir Henry Wilson

36
Q

Who did Collins hold responsible for the persecution of Northern Catholics

A

Sir Henry Wilson

37
Q

When were 11 members Monaghan Gaelic football team arrested

A

14 Jan 1922

38
Q

What was the initial spark for the new wave of violence early 1922

A

the arrest of 11 members Monaghan Gaelic football team

39
Q

What and when did IRA units do in retaliation to the arrest of 11 member Monaghan Gaelic football team (those arrested included senior IRA men)

A

8 February 1922
kidnapped 42 prominent loyalists in Tyrone and Fermanagh

40
Q

3 days after IRA Units kidnapped prominent loyalists in Tyrone and Fermanagh, what happened

A

a party of Special constables were ambushed as their train drew up at Clones station County Monaghan

41
Q

How many died at the IRA ambush on Specials at Clones Station County Monaghan

A

The IRA leader and 4 Specials were killed

42
Q

How many lives were lost in Belfast in March 1922

A

60

43
Q

What happened to the McMahon family

A

March 1922, this prominent nationalist family of 5 were gunned down in their home. The youngest child escaped by hiding under the parlour table

44
Q

What violent event happened a week after the McMahon family were killed

A

A bomb was thrown into a protestant home, killing its male occupant and his 2 sons

45
Q

How did the Unionist govt respond to the escalating violence of early 1922

A

rushed through the Civil Authorities/Special Powers Bill

46
Q

When did the Civil Authorities Bill become law

A

April 1922

47
Q

What did the Civil Authorities Bill do

A

It gave the Minister of Home Affairs, Richard Dawson Bates, or any policeman, the authority to arrest and detain suspects without trial

48
Q

What was used, under the Civil Authorities Bill, as a ‘special punishment’ for those suspected of being members of the IRA

A

flogging

49
Q

What does Historian Buckland say that the Civil authorities Bill did for Craig

A

it gave him despotic powers

50
Q

When was Major Twadell, a Unionist MP, murdered

A

May 1922

51
Q

What was a consequence of Major Twadell’s murder 1922

A

the government began imposing internment

52
Q

Who did the British government send to Belfast at the end of June 1921

A

Stephen Tallents

53
Q

`How did Collins respond to the May 1922 crisis

A

he encouraged the IRA to take over West Fermanagh (Beleek Triangle)

54
Q

Over the two years of the ‘Troubles’, how many died

A

428

55
Q

what proportion of the people who died as a consequence of the ‘Troubles’ were catholic

A

2/3 Catholic

56
Q

What % of NI’s population did Catholic’s make up

A

23%

57
Q

Were Catholic women and children at disproportionately greater/lesser risk from the ‘Troubles’

A

greater

58
Q

Fewer than —- Catholics killed were members of the IRA

A

10

59
Q

Under the terms of the Government of Ireland Act, NI had to pay “imperial contributions” which amounted to how much money

A

£8 million

60
Q

NI’s staple industries of ——- and ——- suffered in the postwar slump

A

linen and shipbuilding

61
Q

More than —-% of the workplace was unemployed in 1922

A

20%

62
Q

The NI govt encouraged employers to give jobs to loyalists against “Disloyalists”. “Disloyalists” was a term used by who to describe Catholics

A

Bates

63
Q

By the end of what year was the unemployment fund insolvent

A

1923

64
Q

Why was the uNionist government afraid to reduce unemployment benefit

A

in case it cost them working class support in Belfast

65
Q

Under the —— the British govt agreed that domestic expenditure on NI services would take priority over contributions for imperial services

A

Colwyn Award of 1925

66
Q

what was the Belfast Boycott

A

when the Daíl placed an embargo on all NI goods

67
Q

Why did the Daíl start the Belfast Boycott

A
  • to try and reinstate Catholic shipyard workers
  • end partition
68
Q

Representatives of — and —- refused to attend the new NI parliament

A

IPP and SF

69
Q

When was the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) established

A

1 June 1922

70
Q

A combination of nationalists and Sinn Feiners won control of —- city council, —- and —– county councils. They refused to recognise the Unionist govt and gave their allegiance to the Daíl instead

A

Derry city council and Fermanagh and Tyrone county councils

71
Q

What did the Local Government Act of 1922 do

A
  • abolished proportional representation for local govt elections
  • restricted voting to rate payers, perhaps 0.25 adults now disenfranchised
72
Q

How long did the British govt withdraw royal assent over the Local Government Act of 1922 for

A

2 months

73
Q

Why did the British allow the Local Government Act of 1922 to pass

A

Craig threatened to resign and call an election on the issue. The British realised he would probably be replaced by a more extreme leader

74
Q

What did the Leech Commission do

A

created the gerrymandered local government constituencies from 1922

75
Q

Give an example of Gerrymandering in NI

A

Most extreme case Lurgan Borough Council wherein 551 Unionists got 15 seats on the council while 5449 Nationalist votes got none

76
Q

What did the 1923 Education Act try to do

A

create a system of non-denominational schooling

77
Q

Who was totally committed to removing sectarianism from the education system

A

Lord Londonderry

78
Q

Catholic teachers in Catholic schools refused to recognise Lord Londonderry’s authority. They were supported by the provisional govt in Dublin who payed their salaries during when

A

Jan 1922 to October 1922 (when they could no longer afford it)

79
Q

Protestant denominations worked through the —– for changes to the 1923 Education Act

A

Orange Order

80
Q

Why did Lord Londonderry resign in 1925

A

the Education Act was amended, and the denominations were given a say in education

81
Q

Who did Westminster appoint as a commissioner on NI’s behalf for the boundary commission

A

J R Fisher

82
Q

Who was the Free State representative for the Boundary Commission

A

Eoin MacNeill

83
Q

Who was the British representative for the Boundary Commission

A

Freehan, a South African judge

84
Q

When were the Boundary Commission’s findings leaked to the press

A

7 November 1925

85
Q

Which of the Boundary Commission’s findings were leaked to the press

A

that there would be minor transfers of territory on both sides of the border

86
Q

What happened as a consequence of the leakage of the Boundary Commission’s findings

A

MacNeill resigned in protest. Decision taken not to publish the full recommendations and a tripartite agreement reached in early December to recognise the existing border

History A2 Ireland (9 decks)

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