Easter Rising 1916 Flashcards
Who was Sir Edward Grey
Foreign Secretary
When did Sir Edward Grey announce to the HoC that Britain was preparing for war with Germany
3 August 1914
What did Redmond spontaneously do after Sir Edward Grey’s announcement
A Commons speech in which he pledged Ireland’s support for the war
Who was not contactable for Redmond on making the decision to pledge Ireland’s support for the war
Dillon and Devlin
Who thought that the Bachelor’s Walk Incident and subsequent funerals made Redmond’s gesture impossible for the Irish to support
T P O’Connor
Redmond offered Irish support for the war partly because of Ireland’s link to ?
Belgium
What does historian Maume say is one of Redmond’s reasons for pledging Irish support for the war
result of a “moral debt” from Britain passing HR
What did Redmond write to Asquith the day after his Commons speech
If the HR bill was postponed, “the result will. be disastrous, I will not be able to hold the people”
When did Asquith formally announce his intentions to put HR on the statute books w/ a suspensory act
15 Sep 1914
Asquith clarified that the HR bill wouldn’t come into effect until which 2 things happened
- war ended
- the question of Ulster had been settled by an amending bill
15 Sep 1914, B-L returned a bitter speech accusing the govt of ?. After the speech, all the opposition ?
betraying unionists
marched out of the HoC
When was the HR bill put on the statute books
18 Sep 1914
How did Sir Edward Grey describe Ireland during WW1
“the one bright spot in this very dreadful situation”
When was Redmond’s Woodenbridge speech
20 Sep 1914
Redmond made his Woodenbridge speech to a group of ?
East Wicklow Volunteers
What is the key quote/appeal from Redmond’s wooden bridge speech
appealed to Volunteers to serve
“not only in Ireland, but wherever the firing line extends”
What was the immediate impact of Redmond’s wooden bridge speech
a split in the Irish Volunteers
When did a special meeting of the original committee members under Eoin MacNeill meet to consider Woodenbridge
24 Sep 1914
How many members of the original IVF committee repudiated Redmond’s new Woodenbridge policy
20 out of 27
How many National Volunteers were there after Woodenbridge
160 000
How many Irish Volunteers were there after Woodenbridge
12 000
Who did the National Volunteers support
Redmond
Who did the Irish Volunteers support
Eoin MacNeill
By Woodenbridge, how was Redmond simply acting as if HR was already in place
under terms HR act, decisions on ‘peace and war’ would be made by the Westminster parliament
What old fenian maxim prompted the use of British distraction with the European conflict for a rebellion
“England’s difficulty is Ireland’s opportunity”
The uneven split in the Irish Volunteers allowed the IRB to ?
infiltrate and manipulate the IVF
What did Redmond say summer 1915
“there is nothing more certain in this world that as soon as the war ends Ireland will enter into the enjoyment of her inheritance”
In the months following Woodenbridge, Redmond’s National Volunteers kept busy by doing which 2 things
- popular succession of Sunday parades
- new committee elected w Redmond president with a weekly newspaper titled “The National Volunteer”
After the outbreak of WW1, who became the Secretary of State for War
Lord Kitchener
Which 2 people met with Kitchener to discuss the treatment of the Ulster Volunteers
Carson and Craig
Carson and Craig offered to provide Kitchener ?
at least one division of trained men from the UVF
What did Carson and Craig successfully insist to Kitchener about the treatment of the Ulster Volunteers
that the men be kept together as a fighting unit
title “Ulster” added to the divisions official name
Which division were Ulster Volunteers put in
36th Ulster Division
What did Redmond initially ask of Kitchener regarding the treatment of Irish Volunteers
that they only be deployed in Ireland
Why did Redmond change his mind about letting Irish volunteers fight “wherever the firing line extends”
keen to match Carson and gratitude HR
What did Redmond failingly request of Kitchener in regards to the treatment of Irish Volunteers
A distinct Irish division with emblems, badges and officers
what division did Irish Volunteers identify most strongly with
16th (Irish) division
By 1 Nov 1914, how many National Volunteers had enlisted
16 500
by what date had 16 500 national volunteers enlisted
1 Nov 1914
What % IVF were the enlisted National volunteers
90%
Historian Geoghegan says that National Volunteers were sent to places where ?
their loyalty would be tested
Where did Redmond enjoy overwhelming support
rural Ireland
In Dublin, how many out of how many Nat volunteers supported MacNeill
2000 out of 6700
When was there an IRB supreme council meeting which agreed to use Br’s distraction WW1 to stage a rebellion
August 1914
Who was the chief of staff of the IVF
Eoin MacNeill
What 2 groups did MacNeill’s Irish Volunteers separate into
Constitutional Separatists
IRB
Who led the Constitutional separatists
Eoin MAcNEill
Were the Constitutional separatists violent
no
What was the aim of the constitutional separatists
maintain a readiness to insist on the implementation of HR after the war
Up to Aug 1915, how many men enlisted in the National Volunteers
25 000
Which historian said that the IPP were “left in limbo” after the govt decision to put HR on the statute books
Rees
many IPP MPs were aging figures who had earned their stripes during the ?
agrarian struggle
the IPP’s resolution of the land prob had weakened the bond between the party and the ?
old tenant farming class
What was the UIL
United Irish League, the IPP’s political machine
How many by-elections did the IPP win in between outbreak WW1 and ER
8
When was the Easter Rising
24 April 1916
For constitutional separatists, HR was the first step to ?
complete independence from Britain
How did Eoin MAcNeill describe HR being put on the statute book
a “cheque continually post-dated”
When did Asquith form his wartime coalition govt
May 1915
Why did Redmond refuse the cabinet position offered to him by Asquith
IPP tradition of Independent Parliamentary action
Redmond ultimately apologised for his decision to refuse a cabinet position, saying what
“more sorry than words can express”
Asquith’s decision to give which 2 people positions in the coalition govt served as a serious setback to Redmond
Carson and Bonar Law
The IRB insisted that Redmond’s support for the war did what
‘diluted’ his nationalism
What public fear was reinforced by huge casualties on the Western front
public fear of conscription
war curtailed emigration, with what effect
emigration had previously served as a safety valve by removing the most dissatisfied elements from Irish society. These men were now drawn to more radical groups such as the IRB
How does historian Mansreagh criticise Redmond and IPP leadership
says that they made no preparation for the transfer of devolved powered and failed to demand the implementation of HR
Carson’s undermining of Redmond and the IPP had what effect on Nationalists
gave a boost to radical Nationalism
What does Laffan say about Carson
That Carson “reignited the fenian flame”
Carson’s actions in forming the UVF, obtaining 25 000 rifles from G and making preparations w the uVF too lead a rebellion against Asquith’s govt, led MacNeill to do what
form the IVF
What did MacNeill’s formation of the IVF implicitly criticise
Redmond’s constitutional nationalism
When did MacNeill form the IVF
November 1913
What was MacNeill rejecting in his article “What the North Began”
Redmond’s constitutional nationalism
What article did MacNeill write
“What the North Began”
When did MacNeill publish his article “What the North Began”
1 Nov 1913
What did Rees say Carsonism had done
“convert a significant number of Home Rulers into radical Nationalists, whilst simultaneously breathing life into the IRB organisation”
With what statement did Pearse encapsulate the thinking behind Carsonism
“The only thing more ridiculous than an Orangemen with a gun is a nationalist without one”
Who brought the gun back into Irish politics
Carson
Define New Nationalism
the romantic vision of a free and Gaelic-speaking Ireland
What kind of men did the Gaelic League attract
young men who felt politically excluded from the IPP
From which group did the Irish revolutionary elite emerge
Gaelic League
Pearse in his article “the Coming Revolution: made reference to the vital role of the G-L by saying what
men had an “ulterior motive in joining the Gaelic League”
Which 2 IRB revolutionaries exerted pressure on the Gaelic League to be more political
Tom Clarke
Sean MacDiarmada
In 1915, Douglas Hyde resigned his
Presidency of the Gaelic League
When was the constitution of the G-L changed to devote itself to a “free Gaelic speaking Ireland”
summer 1915
How many ER signatories had a NN background
4 out of 7
What does Lyons say about NN
it created an “atmosphere” for the rising to take place
the IRB were a marginalised and weak organisation until what
the formation of the IVF Nov 1913
What did historian Foy say about Tom Clarke
Clarke was the true leader of the Rising
Clarke supported northern militants such as which 3 people
Hobson
MacDiarmada
McCullough
Which ER signatory typified the indomitable fenian spirit
Tom Clarke
How many IVF committee members were IRB
12 out of 30
why did Clarke stop talking to Hobson
Hobson had accepted Redmond’s leadership of the IVF in June 1914
What role did Clarke have in the IVF
the treasurer
What role did MacDiarmada have in the IVF
the secretary
What role did Pearse have in the IVF
Director of Military Organisation
what role did MacDonagh have in the IVF
Director of training
What role did Plunkett have in the IVF
Director of Military Operations
MacNeill, ? and ? underestimated the IRB
Hobson and the O’Rahillys
The IRB executive consisted of which 3 people
Clarke
MacDiarmada
McCullough
What did Clarke and MacDiarmada decide despite typical IRB beliefs
they would plan a successful rising without popular support
Foster described the signatories of ER as a
“minority within a minority”
When was the IRB Military Committee appointed
May 1915
Which 3 people did the IRB Military Committee consist of
Pearse
Plunkett
Ceannt
Obsessively secret, the Military committee liaised with which 2 people
Clarke
MacDiarmada
What was the purpose of the IRB’s military committee
to make detailed plans for a Rising
In Sep 1915, the Military council was formed. Which 5 people did it consist of
Clarke
MacDiarmada
Pearse
Plunkett
Ceannt
When was McCullough added to the Military Council
2 weeks before the Rising
The IRB Military group represented the fusion of ? with ?
the traditional physical force republicans with the younger romantic revolutionaries, inspired by G-L
What 2 consequences arose from there being no reference to the Supreme Council of the IRB in the decision making of the Rising
- no informers
- ultimate confusion w/in the IRB
Which three groups did the IRB infilitrate
Irish Volunteers
GAA
G-L
Where did the IRB import guns from
Germany
The IRB made contact w republicans who lived where
America
Which 3 heroes which were synonymous w martyrdom in the cause of Ireland did Patrick Pearse borderline worship
Cuchulainn
Tone
Emmett
Patrick Pearse saw Ireland’s struggle for redemption in terms of
Christ’s sacrifice at Calvary
Why was ER done on Easter Sunday
Pearse and other signatories ER were imbued w Catholic mysticism
At whose funeral and what year did Patrick Pearse make his “the fools, the fools, the fools, they have left us our fenian dead” speech
American O’Donovan Rossa’s 1915
Who was the chief strategist of the ER
Plunkett
Which ER signatory went to Germany to try and convince them to invade Ireland
Plunkett
Which ER signatory was the most intellectually gifted of the writer revolutionaries
MacDonagh
Which ER signatory was known as an hibernicised Marxist
James Connolly
What was James Connolly’s objective for ER
a socialist republic
James Connolly threw himself into what campaign
anti-recruiting campaign for the capitalist war
Connolly had planned a rising himself using what group as manpower
200 strong ICA (Irish Citizen Army)
When did Connolly have a series of secret meetings with the IRB Military Council
19-22 Jan 1916
How did Connolly influence Patrick Pearse
Pearse included references to social and economic goals in the ER proclamation
When was the ‘Aud Ship’ which was bringing weapons from G for ER captured
20 April 1916
What historian says that “once the German rifles had been captured there was no military justification for proceeding with the rising, and the theme of blood sacrifice became all the more important”
Lyons
