Home Rule Flashcards
Who was the 1st and 2nd HR Bills introduced by
PM Gladstone and the liberals
When did the 1st HR bill fail
1886
When did the 2nd HR bill fail
1893
Which HR bill passed thru the HoC but was stopped by the ‘safety valve’ of the HoL
the 2nd HR bill 1893
After the 1st and 2nd Hr bills failed, what tactic did the Cons use to oppose HR
“killing Home Rule with kindness”
The Cons used constructive unionist tactics to stop HR, such as which 2 acts
1898 Local government Act
1903 Wyndham Act
Who said “Ulster will fight and Ulster will be right” and when
Randolph Churchill 1886
How did the Libs win the 1906 elections
Cons were divided over tariff reforms and Lib focus on the poor
Who was Chancellor of the Exchequer after the 1906 election
David Lloyd George
Who was the Conservative leader after the 1906 election
Arthur Balfour
What was the Libs’ ‘People’s Budget’ of 1909
a ‘supertax’ for the rich, a land tax and an. inheritance tax
What caused a CONSTITUTIONAL CRISIS during the summer of 1909
the Cons used the House of Lords powerful in-built Cons majority to veto the liberal govts ‘People’s Budget’
What 4 reasons did UUs of why they disliked the idea of HR
- lack of representation as would become minority under Dublin govt
- feared the RCC having power
- feared a Dublin parliament mismanaging Ulster’s wealth
- HR as a stepping stone to total independence from Britain
When was the ‘Peers versus the People’ ge held and why
Jan 1910
The constitutional crisis
What were the results of the ‘Peers versus the people’ ge
Libs fell to 274 just ahead of the Cons 272, creating a hung parliament in which the IPP and Labour now held the balance of power
After the peers vs ppl ge, Redmond said the IPP would only support the Libs on what conditions
- The HoL veto be abolished
- HR be granted to Ireland
BUT Asquith made no formal promises
What was the “corrupt parliamentary bargain”
inflammatory language used by the Cons against the Libs accusing them of being dictated policy by the IPP
After the peers vs ppl election, how was the IPP’s influence more apparent than real
the 40 Labour MPS consistently voted w the Lib govt
when an impasse was reached in 1910 over the HoL, what did PM Asquith do
called another election for Dec 1910
threatened to ask the King to create enough new Lib peers too force legislation through, thus taking away the Cons/Unis ‘safety valve’ of the HoL
(All) Results of the Dec 1910 elections
the Cons and Libs tied w 272 seats but Lib govt continue to govern as they have the support of the IPP (84 seats) and labour (42 seats)
What are the dates of the Cons three successive election defeats
Jan 1906, Jan 1910, Dec 1910
When was the Parliament Act introduced
21 Feb 1911
What were the 3 terms of the parliament act
- Lords could not reject/amend monies bills
- No parliament could extend its life beyond 5years
- If HoL opposed a bill, it would automatically become law provided no less than 2yrs had elapsed between the 1st and 3rd final reading in the HoC
When was the HoL vote on the Parliament Act
10 Aug 1911
What 3 camps did the HoL split into over the Parliament Act
Hedgers- abstained
Ditchers- voted against
Rats- 30 Tory peers supported the Libs so letting the bill pass
Divisions now perpetuated…
Who was Edward Carson
leader of the Irish Unionist party from Feb 1910
protestant from Dublin and an outstanding lawyer
Who said “If Ulster succeeds, Home Rule is dead” and when
Carson 10 Oct 1911
What was Carson’s ‘wrecking tactic’
hoped that Ulster resistance to HR would kill HR for all of Ireland
Why did Carson enter politics
for the sake of the union
What was Carson’s ‘New Style of Unionism’
Uni party more self reliant and leaned less on Cons
more extra parliamentary methods used
When was the Ulster Unionist Council established
March 1905
By the early summer 1911, Uni extremists had org the purchase of how many weapins
2000
Who was Sir James Craig
Unionist MP for East Down who brought Carson support from Ulster
Orangeman with close grass roots to unionism
Organisational genius of Ulster Unionism
When was the Craigavon demonstration
23rd September 1911
What did Carson tell Craig that prompted the Craigavon demo
“I am not for a mere game of bluff” i.e. wanted to know whether Ulster uNis were fully committed to resisting HR
how many attended the Craigavon demo
50 000 drawn from Orange lodges and uNi clubs
How did the Craigavon demo show that UUs were militarising
the menu cards for Craig’s lunch party had a pic of crossed rifles and the motto ‘the arming of Ulster’
What was the Craigavon demos prog of action
to defeat the Lib govt’s “nefarious conspiracy”
Carson treasonously threatened to set up a provisional govt in Ulster if HR was passed
What happened 2 days after the Craigavon demonstration
UUC meeting of 400 delegates offered the leadership unwavering support in resisting HR and the committee even established a constitution for a potential prov govt.
Which historian said that ‘exclusion was only tactical’
Rees
What was Carson’s ‘wrecking tactic’
thought that if Ulster could resist HR, partition not an option bcus unacceptable to Redmond and Nats
Who said that the British govt, would ‘press forward with all their strength’ on HR and when
Home Secretary Winston Churchill in Dundee 3rd Oct 1911
what 4 reasons did UUs use to oppose HR
- ‘Home Rule means Rome Rule’
- 1910 McCann affair enflamed fear of a Catholic desire to eradicate prots, reinforced by the 1908 Papal Decree ne temere
- Irish Caths not fit to govern
- Caths would mismanage NE Ulster;s wealth
Who was Andrew Bonar Law
Cons party leader from 13 Nov 1911
What connections did B-L have in Ulster
father a presbyterian minister in Coleraine
brother a doctor in Coleraine
Who invented the “New Style of Politics’
Bonar Law
How did B-L use this ‘New Style of Politics’
harsh, critical rhetoric in the HoC as well as extreme language and threats of violence in speeches
Who said that The Libs were under the thumb of Redmond and guilty of deceiving the electorate and when and where
Bonar Law in the Albert Hall Jan 1912
Who was Lord Lansdowne
Cons leader in the HoL
identified w SUs whose influence he frequently exaggerated
When was the Balmoral demonstration
9 April 1912
Who addressed the Balmoral demo
B-L and Carson, flanked by several British and Unionist MPs
How many showed up at the Balmoral demo
100 000
Where was the balmoral demo
Balmoral Showgrounds in Belfast
What did Carson swear to the crowd at the Balmoral demo
“never under any circumstances will we submit to Home Rule”
How was the bond between British Cons and UUs symbolised at the Balmoral demo
When B-L and Carson grasped each others hands in full view of the crowd
What happened 2 days after the Balmoral demo
the Lib party intro the 3rd HR bill on an all-Ireland basis
What was the official name of the 3rd HR bill
The Government of Ireland Bill
what fraction of Irish MPs wanted HR
4/5
of the 33MPs in Ulster, how many were Unionist
17
In the cabinet after the 3rd HR bill intro, there were some misgivings in ignoring the vocal minority in NE Ulster from prominent men like
Churchill and Lloyd-George
What was Birrel’s job
Chief Secretary of Ireland
In what way was Birrel considered a ‘political lightweight’
He raised awareness of the Ulster prob but failed to press his views
Only days before the 3rd HR Bill intro, what did Birrel say to Redmond
“there are a good many rough edges and blanks”
What was Churchill preoccupied with when the 3rd HR bill was being prepared
naval expansion
What was Lloyd-George preoccupied with when the 3rd HR bill was being prepared
National Insurance scheme
What did the cabinet wrongly think the 2 sticking points of the 3rd HR bill was going to be
finance and Irish representation
What was ‘The Primrose Committee”
a misunderstood and overly complicated plan to deal with the financial arrangements of the 3rd HR bill
What was the Gladstonian principle
one-nation HR
What happened on 6 Feb 1912
Churchill and Lloyd George presented proposals for Ulster’s exclusion at a cabinet meeting. Rejected by Asquith
What proviso did Asquith give to Redmond regarding the 3rd HR bill
the bill may later be amended if “fresh evidence of facts or pressure of British opinion” dictated special treatment for Ulster counties
What did Jalland think about Asquith’s ‘wait and see’ policy
it was a complete failure because it led to the drift of the later 1913 and early 1914 period and a lack of firm handling of an already volatile crisis. It gave the initiative to the opposition.
What did Asquith misunderstand about the parliamentary circuit
He falsely believed that the Libs would have the most power on the bill’s 2nd and 3rd circuits
Who introduced the Agar-Robartes amendment
Liberal backbencher Thomas Agar-Robartes, MP for St Austell constituency in Cornwall
When was the Agar-Robartes amendment intro
11 June 1912 at the committee stage of the Third Home Rule bill
What did the Agar-Robartes amendment propose
excluding the 4 protestant counties of Ulster (DADA)
what did the intro of the Agar-Robartes amendment show
the Lib party weren’t fully unified on the Gladstonian principle
What did Jalland say about. the Agar Robartes amendment
It presented Asquith with a (missed) opportunity to deal w Ulster and “shape a deal of his own making”
On what basis did Carson call for fresh elections after. the agar-robartes amendment
accused the libs of hiding the HR issuer from the electorate in previous elections
When and where was the B-L Blenheim palace speech
Blenheim Palace in England at a uni conference on the 27 July 1912
How many attended the B-L Blenheim Palace speech
13 000
What did B-L say in his Blenheim Palace speech
“there are stronger things than parliamentary majorities”
In what ways was B-L’s Blenheim palace speech extraordinary
It suggested that Tories would support UUs in resisting HR with force and highlighted the Ulster centricity in the Uni campaign
Example of sectarianism July 1912
the Castledawson incident in Londonderry
What was Craig’s motive in organising Ulster Day
To channel the anger and discontent prevalent. Both Craig and Carson were aware that violence undermined the campaign and played into Lib hands.
When was Ulster Day
28 Sep 1912
What was Ulster Day a climax to
a week long campaign beginning in Enniskillen
How many meetings did Carson speak at for Ulster Day
6
How many meetings did Tory politician F E Smith speak at for Ulster Day
5
What was the ‘Solemn League and Covenant’
A document of civil and religious imp which people could sign to pledge to resist HR
How many people signed the ‘Solemn League and Covenant’
417 414 (British and Irish)
Huge propaganda success
Cons MPs and Peers publicly supported it
When did Carson suggest an amendment excluding the whole 9 county province of Ulster from HR
1 Jan 1913
How was the third HR bill forced through after Ulster Day
by guillotine
Vote results on Carson’s 9county exclusion amendment
Rejected 294-197
Describe the 3rd HR bills first parliamentary circuit
passed by 110 majority HoC but fortnight later defeated by HoL on a second reading 326-69
Who established the UVF and endorsed. by who
Lieutenant General Sir George Richardson endorsed by Carson
How many men joined the new UVF
about 100 000 men
What already well–structured org helped estab the UVF
The Orange Order
When did opposition to HR begins to change
start of 1913
Describe the third HR bills second parliamentary circuit
received 3rd reading HoC 7 July 1913 and rejected by HoL 15 July 1913
What was the ‘British League for the Support of Ulster and the Union’
a letter sent to London Newspapers to heighten awareness in England of the Ulster crisis
Who wrote the letter ‘British League for the Support of Ulster and the Union’ and when
March 1913 Lord Willoughby de Broke
Who signed the ‘British League for the Support of Ulster and the Union’
100 peers and 120 MPs
Why was the king nervous in Summer 1913
worried that he’d be dragged into the HR controversy if a solution acceptable to all parties wasn’t found
1913 what did B-L ask the king to do
use the royal prerogative to dissolve parliament before HR enacted and call for a new govt which would put the HR vote to voters
who judged that B-L’s request to the King was legal
respected academic A V Dicey
Why did some Cons not want to use a ‘royal veto’ to stop the Hr bill
scared that it would threaten the monarchy’s role in the constitution
When did King George V write to Asquith asking him to hold an all party conference to find a settlement
11 Aug 1913
Why did Asquith refuse the King’s request to hold an all party conference
Doomed to fail unless opposition willing to accept a compromise on Ulser
What did Carson do on returning to Ulster Sep 1913
indulged in his most militant rhetoric when speaking at a no UVF parades
What happened 23rd Sep 1913
Carson attended an UUC meeting of 500 delegates in which they approved the immediate estab of an Ulster provisional govt. if HR enacted
Describe 3 reasons for Redmond’s complacency in ignoring Ulster resistance
- FOr Redmond, partition was anathema
- believed Ulster’s resistance was a “mere bluff”
- rejected UU demands for self-det, arguing they couldn’t deny the Nat majority their demo rights
What by-election and when confirmed Redmond’s belief that Unis were mistaken in assuming that they spoke for all of Ulster
Londonderry By-election of Jan 1913
What were the results of the Londonderry by-election of Jan 1913
Lib Candidate David Hogg beat the UU incumbent, giving the HRers 17/33 Ulster’s MPs, a majority
PM Asquith said a “?” was to be expected over the third HR bill but the prospect of a civil war was alarmist
“tumult and riot”
Who was John Dillon 1913
IPP deputy leader
Who toured Ireland addressing Nat audiences and convincing them that UU resistance was a bluff
John Dillon
Who was Lord Loreburn
respected Lord who had served as Lord Chancellor in the lib govt up to 1912
What and when was the Loreburn letter
Lord Loreburn wrote a letter to the Times on 11 Sep 1913 urging compromise w UUs
Where did many Cons leaders falsely believe the Inso for the Loreburn letter had come from
Cabinet ministers
When and what were the Balmoral Castle talks
Sep- early Oct 1913
the King received visits from many leading politicians
What did King George V send a memorandum to Asquith to ask about
asked him to call a ge before HR enacted
whether he would use the British army in Ulster considering that many of its senior personnel were in strong sympathy w Ulster
What did Asquith respond to King George V’s Qs during the Balmoral Castle talks
unwilling to amend HR bill or call ge
troops would follow orders
What was B-L anxious about in the Balmoral Castle talks
developments in Ulster esp Carson’s plan for a provisional govt
What did B-L suggest in discussions w Churchill during the Balmoral Castle talks
a compromise based on the exclusion of Ulster would be acceptable
What did B-L write a letter to Carson about during the Balmoral Castle talks
suggested that partition was acceptable. Only reservation that not wanna betray SUs
Why did B-L’s Blenheim Palace Speech startle a no. Cons senior figures incl Curzon
he had not consulted his colleagues prior
In essence, what did B-L use the Balmoral Castle talks to do
make the government aware that his only real concern was to save Ulster. By autumn 1913 had succeeded
What were Churchill’s views as of the Balmoral Castle talks
accepted idea of Ulster exclusion and surprised at B-L’s moderate stance
When and where did Churchill say that Ulster’s “claim for special consideration cannot be ignored” this recognising the shift in Uni strategy
9 OCt 1913 at the Dundee constituency
When did Carson reply to B-L’s Balmoral Castle letter
23rd Sep 1913
What did Carson say in his reply to B-L’s Balmoral Castle letter
he endorsed Ulster exclusion and even went on to focus on the area which he thought should be excluded, the 6 plantation counties
During the balmoral castle talks, what increased pressure on B-L and Carson to reach a negotiated settlement
Craig and other more extreme Uni leaders taking a more aggressive stance, preparing to use the IVF and threaten the govt
Which Cons were against Ulster exclusion as re it as a betrayal of SUs
Lansdowne, Long, Curzon and the Cecils
What persuaded Lansdowne, Long, Curzon and the Cecils not to oppose Ulster’s exclusion
Carson’s meeting with a SU delegation in his London home
Who said that “Irish Nats can never be assenting parties to the mutilation of the Irish nation” and when and where
Redmond in Limerick 12 Oct 1913
“Irish Nats can never be assenting parties to the mutilation of the Irish Nation” was said in a response to what
Churchill’s recognition of the shift in Unionist strategy to Ulster Exclusion no longer just as a wrecking tactic
When were the 3 meetings between Asquith and Bonar-Law
14 Oct 1913, 6 Nov 1913 and 10 Dec 1913
What was the result of the first Asquith B-L meeting on the 14 October 1913
offered hope of compromise based on the exclusion of Ulster
What was the result of the second Asquith B-L meeting 6 Nov 1913
Asquith agreed to put the issue of Ulster’s exclusion to his colleagues but B-L wrongly thought this meant that Asquith himself would press the issue in cabinet
What was the Lloyd George scheme
amendment to the Third Home Rule bill that those counties w a Prot majority would have temporary exclusion from HR for a period of 5 or 6 years then they would come out under a Dublin govt
When did Lloyd George present the Lloyd George scheme
Cabinet meeting Nov 1913
How did Asquith try and convince Redmond of the Lloyd George scheme and when
17 Nov 1913 said it was a delaying tactic to prevent an immediate outbreak of violence in Ulster
When did Redmond receive assurance that the cabinet wouldn’t bring the Lloyd George scheme forward
26 Nov 1913
What were the (3) results of the third Asquith B-L meeting 10 Dec
B-L rejected the idea of temporary exclusion
B-L was aware that Redmond’s procrastination was a deliberate tactic
B-L expected Asquith to offer “HR within HR” in the hope that its rejection would turn public opinion against Cons
Why was Asquith confident that Redmond could accept “HR within HR”
it maintained the integrity of a 32-county Ireland
After the breakdown of the late 1913 talks with B-L, who did Asquith hold talks with next
Carson
When (2 dates) did Asquith hold talks with Carson
16 Dec 1913 (my bday)
2 Jan 1914 (nanny’s bday)
Why were Asquith’s 16 Dec 1913 and 2 Jan 1914 talks with Carson futile
Asquith’s variation on “HR within HR” was rejected outright by Carson
After his 16 Dec 1913 and 2 Jan 1914 talks with Asquith, Carson said that further talks were futile unless what
the govt accepted ulster exclusion
During Asquith’s talks with B-L and then Carson, Asquith failed to keep his colleagues informed. When did he finally inform them of this breakdown of negotiations
22 Jan 1914
What was the end result of Asquith’s late 1913 talks with B-L then Carson
Nothing. They had failed and both leaders now returned to their defiant rhetoric
When did Asquith use the failure of his meeting w B-L and Carson and the King’s concern over civil war to pressurise Redmond into accepting the principle of Ulster Exclusion
crucial meeting 2 Feb 1914
Who presented the county option scheme and when
Lloyd George Nov 1913
What was the county option scheme
Individual counties could, after a plebiscite, opt out of HR for a period of 3 years (increased to 6)
Who did Lloyd George originally suggest the county option scheme to (2 people)
Redmond
Dillon
Who described the county option scheme as the “price of peace” if accepted by Unis
Redmond
Who gave up the most ground in March 1914
The Nats
When was the County Option scheme announced by Asquith
14 March 1914
Carson said what in his rejection of the County Option scheme
“We do not want a sentence of death with a stay of execution of 6 years”
What argument does Historian Jackson make in arguing that by 1914 Asquith’s “wait and see” policy had paid dividends
Asquith had already got UUs and Cons to accept HR for 26 counties, the arg had narrowed down to how much of Ulster and for how long
When was the IVF created
Nov 1913
Who created the IVF
Eoin MacNeill
what was the creation of the IVF an implicit criticism of
Redmond’s lacklustre leadership and constitutional nationalism
There were 2 private armies in Ireland by what date
Dec 1913
When were arms and ammunition importations banned in Ireland
5 Dec 1913
Who when and where :
description of Ulster’s provisional govt as a “self-elected body… engaged in a treasonable conspiracy”
Churchill speaking in Bradford 14 March 1914 (same day County option scheme announced)
What did Churchill suggest in his 14 March 1914 Bradford speech
that the army could be deployed in Ulster If the Unis continued to reject the govts final compromise offer
why were there rumours that many British army officers may resign if ordered to suppress UUs (give 4 reasons)
Many army officers in Ireland had…
- Cons instincts
- of anglo-Irish stock
- strong connections w Uni families
- had been active in the British League for the Support of Ulster and the Union
What shocking tactic did B-L want to use beginning 1914 to exclude altogether the use of the army in Ulster until after a ge
use the Cons HoL majority to block the Army (Annual) bill
Who was J E B Seely
the Secretary of State for War
Churchill, backed by which 2 individuals, planned to intimidate the UVF by a sudden and impressive deployment of military strength in carefully selected locations
Asquith and J E B Seely
Who was Sir Arthur Paget
the army’s Commander-in-Chief in Ireland
What was Paget told by Seely would happen if officers refused to carry out orders (because of Uni sympathies)
They would face immediate dismissal. Although, special consideration would be given to officers whose homes were in Ulser
When and where did Paget tell his officers what would happen to them if they refused to carry out orders due to Unionist sympathies
On returning to Curragh 20 March 1914
How many officers, and under who, threatened to resign rather than march North to Ulster
58 officers under Brigadier0General Hubert Gough
When was Brigadier-General Hubert Gough summoned to London
22/23 March 1914
Gough wouldn’t back down from his threat to resign rather than march North to Ulster unless what
he was given written proof that the British army wouldn’t be used against Ulster
Seely gave this commitment to Brigadier-General Hubert Gough without the consent of the cabinet. What did he state
that the govt had no intention using troops “to crush political opposition to the policy or principles of the HR bill”
Why was J E B Seely forced to resign as British Secretary of State for War
he gave the commitment not to use the army to crush political opposition to HR in Ireland without the consent of the cabinet
Explain historian Laffan’s important quote on the events of late March 1914:
“Asquith’s sword broke in his hands”
After Seely and Paget’s actions, Asquith could no longer use the army in Ireland. He lost his tactical advantage and it was now unlikely the govt could use military force coerce Ulster into HR or concessions
When was the UVF’s Larne gun-running
24/25 April 1914
What and how many goods were attained during the Larne gunrunning
24 600 rifles
3million rounds of ammunition
Who was behind the good execution of the Larne gunrunning w no interference from the RIC
Crawford
Which two individuals associated themselves w the late gunrunning, taking full responsibility for its operation
Carson and B-L
What did Asquith say in response to Carson and B-L’s taking of responsibility for the Larne gunrunning
that it was a “grave and unprecedented outrage”
After the UVF’s larne gunrunning, how much did IVF membership increase
7000 members March 1914
100 000 after Larne
What appeared to confirm Nationalist suspicions that authorities in Ulster, esp. police, connived w the UVF during the larne gun running
the failure to arrest any of the Larne gunrunning participants
When did Redmond issue a manifesto demanding that the provisional committee governing the IVF expand to give the IPP a controlling interest
10 March 1914
What did Redmond’s manifesto of the 10 March 1914 demand
that the provisional committee governing the IVF be expanded to give the IPP a controlling interest
Why did Redmond want the IPP to have a controlling interest in the IVF
Thought that if the IPP didn’t move quickly to control the IVF, it could become a rival to the IPP
Who was responsible for the IVF’s Howth Gun running
Sir Roger Casement
When was the Howth gun running
26 July 1914
What was obtained by the Howth gunrunning
1 500 rifles
45 000 rounds of ammunition
Where did Casement get the weapons from for the Howth gunrunning
Germany
Which 2 groups attempted to seize some of the arms from the growth gun running
Dublin Metropolitan Police
some troops
Who said that “The only thing more ridiculous than an orangeman with a rifle is a nationalist without one”
Patrick Pearse
What fraction of UVF members had a rifle
1/4
After the gunrunnings, Redmonds movements now restricted because if he conceded further he risked what
hardline nationalists gaining more support, doing irreparable damage to the IPP
During 1914, Redmonds movements became restricted because if he conceded further he risked what
hardline nationalists gaining more support, thus doing irreparable damage to the IPP
What amendment to the 3rd HR Bill did Lord Lansdowne propose on the 8 July 1914
9 county permanent exclusion
When was Lord Lansdowne’s 9 county permanent exclusion amendment passed by the HoL
14 July 1914
Why was an impasse reached over Lansdowne’s 9 county permanent exclusion amendment
HoC sure to reject it
When was the Buckingham Palace Conference
21-24 July 1914
What was the Buckingham Palace Conference held to discuss (2 things)
the area to be excluded
the length of time that area would be excluded for
Which 4 parties attended the Buckingham Palace Conference 1914
Libtards, Cons, UUs and IPP
Who represented the Libtards at the Buckingham Palace Conference 1914
Asquith and Lloyd George
Who represented the Cons at the Buckingham Palace Conference 1914
B-L and Lansdowne
Who represented the Ulster Unionists at the Buckingham Palace Conference 1914
Carson and Craig
Who represented the IPP at the Buckingham Palace Conference 1914
Redmond and Dillon
What did Redmond want at the Buckingham Palace Conference 1914
no exclusion
How many counties did Carson demand as his “irreducible minimum” at the Buckingham Palace Conference 1914
6 counties
In the words of Churchill, the Buckingham Palace Conference 1914 came to a stop along
“along the muddy by waters of Fermanagh and Tyrone”
At the Buckingham palace conference 1914, Redmond refused to budge on no Ulster exclusion. Which incident had hardened his and Nats opinion
Bachelor’s Walk Incident
By the end of 1914, no political agreement was reached but the IPP was weakened by
their concession on the gladstonian principle
By the end of 1914, no political agreement was reached but Carson’s acted had changed from ? to ?
the “wrecking tactic” of using exclusion to kill HR to simply accepting 6 county exclusion
Despite signing the 1912 Solemn League and Covenant, by the outbreak WW1 Carson was prepared to abandon Unis from
Cavan, Donegal and Monaghan
The outbreak of WW1 caused what to happen to the Third Home Rule Bill and its amending Bill
Amending bill postponed w HR reaching the statute book in September 1914 with a suspensory act
When did Home Rule reach the statute book
September 1914
When did Britain declare war on Germany
4 August 1914
