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History > The Crimean War 1854-56 > Flashcards

The Crimean War 1854-56 Flashcards

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1
Q

What were 3 reasons for poor manpower?

A
  • poor pay
  • flogging still allowed
  • overseas service took a long toll on life and health
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2
Q

Who commanded the Russian force at Alma?

A

Prince Menshikov

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3
Q

Overall, did the British fight well at Alma in mid-September 1854?

A

yes overall

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4
Q

What was Lord Raglan in charge of?

A

the British expeditionary force

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5
Q

Why did the Russians retreat at Alma?

A

they were outnumbered

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6
Q

When did administrative chaos lessen at Sebastopol?

A

Spring 1855

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7
Q

How many British and French troops landed in the Crimea?

A

63,000

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8
Q

When did a great storm occur in the Black Sea near Sebastopol? How many ships were damaged or lost?

A

the 14th November 1854,
37 ships were damaged or lost

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9
Q

What did Raglan want the allies to do after the Battle of Alma?

A

March to Sebastopol as soon as the Russians had retreated

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10
Q

When did Nightingale arrive at Scutari?

A

November 1854

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11
Q

When had Lord Raglan last seen action?

A

1815

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12
Q

When did the allies lay siege to Sebastopol?

A

October 1854

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13
Q

Why was newspaper coverage different in this war?

A

the public could read about warfare with immediacy for the first time. Paper costs were dropping (though still unaffordable and inaccessible to most)

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14
Q

On what day did the Russians attack Inkerman Ridge?

A

5th November

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15
Q

Where were the Russians’ marching towards on the 25th October 1854?

A

to Balaclava

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16
Q

How many nurses went with Florence Nightingale to Scutari?

A

38

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17
Q

What paper did William Russell report for?

A

The Times

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18
Q

Why did the Light Brigade attack a well-defended Russian artillery position at Balaclava?

A

a misunderstood order led them to charge

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19
Q

When was the Battle of Inkerman?

A

November 1854

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20
Q

Over how many yards was the British Enfield rifle accurate?

A

400
(4x the Russian muskets)

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21
Q

Who replaced Lord Aberdeen as PM in January 1855?

A

Lord Palmerston

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22
Q

When was the Royal Commission on the Health of the Army appointed?

A

1857

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23
Q

When did Roger Fenton arrive in the Crimea? What did the government hope he would achieve?

A
  1. The government wanted his photos to counter the perceived anti-war reporting of Russell.
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24
Q

How many men in the Army were ill and wounded compared to the fit by late January 1855?

A

There were 11,000 fit men
there were 23,000 ill and wounded men

25
Q

What diseases were prevalent at Sebastopol?

A

Cholera, scurvy, typhus, typhoid and dysentery

26
Q

What did the British Infantry at Inkerman do?

A

Small units fought much larger numbers of Russians until French troops arrived

27
Q

When did Britain and France declare war on Russia?

A

March 1854

28
Q

What was the name of Mary Seacole’s establishment outside of Balaclava?

A

The British Hotel

29
Q

What was Mary Seacole’s background?

A

She was Jamaican/ Scottish and her mother had taught her herbal remedies - she had experience in medicine treating cholera patients in the 1840s and 50s and borrowed money to help in the Crimea after being rejected by the war office

30
Q

What was there a bad shortage of at Sebastopol?

A

firewood and tents

31
Q

When was the Nightingale training school set up?

A

in 1860

32
Q

When did the government introduce reforms which led to merit-based promotion?

A

after 1856

33
Q

How many of the Infantry Divisional Commanders were under 60?

A

1 out of 5. This 1 was Queen Victoria’s cousin with no experience.

34
Q

What were death rates like at Nightingale’s hospital? What changed in March 1855?

A

they continued to rise and were the highest in the region until March 1855 when a Sanitary Commission flushed out the sewers and improved the ventilation

35
Q

How large was the British army which first sailed to the Crimea?

A

26,000 men

36
Q

When did Lord Raglan die? (of what)

A

28th June 1855 (of dysentery)

37
Q

How many men were killed in the charge of the light brigade?

A

110 killed (664 wounded and 58 captured)

38
Q

When did the system of purchasing commissions end?

A

Cardwell’s reforms 1871

39
Q

What weaknesses of the British Army were made clear at Alma?

A

some officers led poorly and many troops were untrained

40
Q

how many people or departments were responsible for military administration during the Crimean War?

A

8

41
Q

When did Prime Minister Lord Aberdeen resign and why?

A

In January 1855 because it was voted to set up a committee to inquire into the conduct of the war

42
Q

How many years of service were required in the army at the time of the Crimean War?

A

21 for infantry
24 for cavalry

43
Q

What did Russell’s reports about Sebastopol highlight?

A

the terrible conditions for the soldiers
the ineffective medical care
the mismanagement of supplies
the troop’s bravery

44
Q

Who criticised Raglan in December 1854?

A

John Delane - editor of the Times

45
Q

What caused the Russians to retreat at Inkerman?

A

French troops arrived to back up the British

46
Q

When was the siege of Sebastopol?

A

1854-55

47
Q

Which section of the British Army drove back the Russian cavalry at Balaclava?

A

the Heavy brigade

48
Q

How far was it from Balaclava to the siege lines?

A

6 miles

49
Q

How many of the Divisional Commanders had led anything larger than a battalion previous to the Crimean War?

A

only 2 of them

50
Q

When was Sebastopol captured? When had attacks failed?

A

September 1855 captured (the Russians abandoned it)
Attacks had failed in June

51
Q

Who failed to supply the troops with food ,fuel, tents and clothing?

A

Incompetent Commissariat officials

52
Q

When was the Battle of Balaclava?

A

October 25th 1854

53
Q

Casualties at Inkerman?

A

Russian - 11,000
British - 2457
French - 880

54
Q

When was the Battle of Alma?

A

mid-September 1854

55
Q

How large was the charitable fund Nightingale managed?

A

£30,000

56
Q

Who was Roger Fenton?

A

the first official war photographer

57
Q

What was the main difference between Nightingale and Seacole?

A

Nightingale came from the British upper class whilst Seacole came from a British colony - their backgrounds were polar opposite

58
Q

What were the barracks like?

A

overcrowded and unsanitary

History (15 decks)

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