Britain and the French Wars 1793-1815 Flashcards
When was the Naval War with the USA? What happened?
In 1812-1814
The British ended up blockading most American ports
Casualties at Waterloo?
Napoleon: 25,000
Wellington: 15,000
Blucher: 7,000
Battle of Talavera 27-28th July 1809 numbers on each side?
Wellington - 20,000
^ with 30,000 Spanish
French - 50,000
Who won the battle of Talavera?
Wellington - his first victory for the British
How many battleships did the British take at Trafalgar?
18 enemy ships
When did Spain and Holland join the French side?
1796
How many steam engines were operating in London by 1805?
112 steam engines
When did Wellington win a series of battles in the Pyrenees?
In July 1813
What were 5 reasons for British success not related to the military?
- Government leadership
- reforms improving bureaucracy
- popular support
- funding from taxation
- the British economy
When was the Battle of Cape St Vincent?
1797
When did Wellington cross to France?
November 1813
Did the government or private sector manufacture more ships and weapons during the war years?
The private sector
When was the Peninsular War?
1808 - 1814
Why was Napoleon defeated at Waterloo?
Wellington’s army stood firm
The Prussians Napoleon thought were defeated joined the fight
When was the Battle of Busaco? What happened?
27th September 1810,
Wellington fought a successful defensive battle against French Marshal Massena (with 65,000 men) who had advanced into Portugal, he then retreated
When was the Naval Mutiny?
April to mid-June 1797
When did French Marshal Massena retreat to Spain?
March 1811
he lost 25,000 men
Why did trade decline between 1810-1812?
poor harvests
war with the USA
Where did the East India Company take exported goods to?
India and the Far East
Lines of Torres Vedras. How many French men were lost due to this.
defensive lines ordered by Wellington in 1809,
used in 1810-11 to fight Massena’s force in Portugal
Caused Massena to retreat back to Spain after losing 25,000 men
How did the City of London help the war?
top financiers provided loans to fund military campaigns and to subsidise the allies
When did Napoleon abdicate for the first time?
April 1814
What type of trade flourished between 1808 and 1810?
trade with new overseas markets in South America and the Caribbean
What is the name of the government body which encouraged improvements in breeding and crop rotation?
The Board of Agriculture and Internal Improvement
What policy did Napoleon introduce to limit British trade and when?
The Continental system was introduced in 1807
What was the impact of Trafalgar? (for the Navy) - 4 reasons
- went unchallenged by France after 1805
- could convey supplies and troops to the peninsular war
- frigates terrorised coastlines and tied up enemy forces
- the Navy seized French and Dutch colonies
Why was the canal network important to the Napoleonic Wars?
it reduced the cost of transporting bulky goods
What was a result of the Battle of Camperdown
The Navy’s reputation was restored after the mutiny as Admiral Duncan’s North Sea fleet had destroyed a Dutch fleet
How much did Corn output in Britain increase by between 1970-1810?
By over 1/5th
Battle of Talavera dates? Who won?
27th-28th July 1809
Wellesley won with 20,000 (+30,000 Spanish) against 50,000 French
When was the French Revolutionary War?
1793 - 1802
How many guns did ships of the line carry?
over 70
What were the reasons for British success in the Peninsular War? (4 reasons)
- Wellington never lost a battle
- the British Army was smaller but stronger than the French
- Spanish and Portuguese forces resisted stubbornly and fought well under British command
- The Royal Navy helped by conveying supplies and troops
How many men were in the British Army by 1813?
250,000
When was the Treaty of Amiens signed? What was it’s purpose?
March 1802
To end the war between UK, Spanish Empire and France after the war of the second coalition.
Who seized Toulon in 1793?
Admiral Hood
(he was forced out soon after)
How did Napoleon plan to invade Britain?
By sending Villenueve to distract Nelson in the Caribbean, then turn around and invade Britain while he was away.