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History > Britain and the French Wars 1793-1815 > Flashcards

Britain and the French Wars 1793-1815 Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the Naval War with the USA? What happened?

A

In 1812-1814
The British ended up blockading most American ports

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2
Q

Casualties at Waterloo?

A

Napoleon: 25,000
Wellington: 15,000
Blucher: 7,000

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3
Q

Battle of Talavera 27-28th July 1809 numbers on each side?

A

Wellington - 20,000
^ with 30,000 Spanish
French - 50,000

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4
Q

Who won the battle of Talavera?

A

Wellington - his first victory for the British

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5
Q

How many battleships did the British take at Trafalgar?

A

18 enemy ships

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6
Q

When did Spain and Holland join the French side?

A

1796

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7
Q

How many steam engines were operating in London by 1805?

A

112 steam engines

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8
Q

When did Wellington win a series of battles in the Pyrenees?

A

In July 1813

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9
Q

What were 5 reasons for British success not related to the military?

A
  • Government leadership
  • reforms improving bureaucracy
  • popular support
  • funding from taxation
  • the British economy
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10
Q

When was the Battle of Cape St Vincent?

A

1797

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11
Q

When did Wellington cross to France?

A

November 1813

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12
Q

Did the government or private sector manufacture more ships and weapons during the war years?

A

The private sector

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13
Q

When was the Peninsular War?

A

1808 - 1814

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14
Q

Why was Napoleon defeated at Waterloo?

A

Wellington’s army stood firm
The Prussians Napoleon thought were defeated joined the fight

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15
Q

When was the Battle of Busaco? What happened?

A

27th September 1810,
Wellington fought a successful defensive battle against French Marshal Massena (with 65,000 men) who had advanced into Portugal, he then retreated

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16
Q

When was the Naval Mutiny?

A

April to mid-June 1797

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17
Q

When did French Marshal Massena retreat to Spain?

A

March 1811
he lost 25,000 men

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18
Q

Why did trade decline between 1810-1812?

A

poor harvests
war with the USA

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19
Q

Where did the East India Company take exported goods to?

A

India and the Far East

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20
Q

Lines of Torres Vedras. How many French men were lost due to this.

A

defensive lines ordered by Wellington in 1809,
used in 1810-11 to fight Massena’s force in Portugal
Caused Massena to retreat back to Spain after losing 25,000 men

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21
Q

How did the City of London help the war?

A

top financiers provided loans to fund military campaigns and to subsidise the allies

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22
Q

When did Napoleon abdicate for the first time?

A

April 1814

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23
Q

What type of trade flourished between 1808 and 1810?

A

trade with new overseas markets in South America and the Caribbean

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24
Q

What is the name of the government body which encouraged improvements in breeding and crop rotation?

A

The Board of Agriculture and Internal Improvement

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25
Q

What policy did Napoleon introduce to limit British trade and when?

A

The Continental system was introduced in 1807

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26
Q

What was the impact of Trafalgar? (for the Navy) - 4 reasons

A
  • went unchallenged by France after 1805
  • could convey supplies and troops to the peninsular war
  • frigates terrorised coastlines and tied up enemy forces
  • the Navy seized French and Dutch colonies
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27
Q

Why was the canal network important to the Napoleonic Wars?

A

it reduced the cost of transporting bulky goods

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28
Q

What was a result of the Battle of Camperdown

A

The Navy’s reputation was restored after the mutiny as Admiral Duncan’s North Sea fleet had destroyed a Dutch fleet

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29
Q

How much did Corn output in Britain increase by between 1970-1810?

A

By over 1/5th

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30
Q

Battle of Talavera dates? Who won?

A

27th-28th July 1809
Wellesley won with 20,000 (+30,000 Spanish) against 50,000 French

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31
Q

When was the French Revolutionary War?

A

1793 - 1802

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32
Q

How many guns did ships of the line carry?

A

over 70

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33
Q

What were the reasons for British success in the Peninsular War? (4 reasons)

A
  • Wellington never lost a battle
  • the British Army was smaller but stronger than the French
  • Spanish and Portuguese forces resisted stubbornly and fought well under British command
  • The Royal Navy helped by conveying supplies and troops
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34
Q

How many men were in the British Army by 1813?

A

250,000

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35
Q

When was the Treaty of Amiens signed? What was it’s purpose?

A

March 1802
To end the war between UK, Spanish Empire and France after the war of the second coalition.

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36
Q

Who seized Toulon in 1793?

A

Admiral Hood
(he was forced out soon after)

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37
Q

How did Napoleon plan to invade Britain?

A

By sending Villenueve to distract Nelson in the Caribbean, then turn around and invade Britain while he was away.

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38
Q

Who mutinied first in the 1797 Naval Mutiny and why?

A

Sailors at Spithead, the dispute was over pay, food quality and brutal officers.
- wages were raised in response

39
Q

How did the naval mutiny of 1797 end?

A
  • more moderate sailors took control
  • 29 mutineers were executed
40
Q

What were 3 military reasons for British success?

A
  • The Navy
  • The Army
  • Foreign support
41
Q

What is an open blockade?

A

the main fleet is at home whilst frigates patrolled the enemy port, and informed the main fleet if the enemy put to sea

42
Q

What happened at the battle of the Nile 1798?

A

Nelson met the French at the mouth of the Nile and won against the French
- only 2 out of 13 French ships escaped

43
Q

What happened at the Battle of Cape St Vincent in 1797?

A

Admiral Jervis with captains Nelson and Collingwood fought a battle against a Spanish fleet almost twice the size of theirs and won

44
Q

Who did Britain ban trade with in 1807?

A

Ports who complied with Napoleon’s Berlin Decrees. They also searched neutral ships suspected of helping the enemy.

45
Q

Who fought and how at Quatre Bras, during the battle of Waterloo 1815?

A

The British and French were in a drawn out battle

46
Q

How did the East India Company bring in money for the government?

A

high duties on Asian imports - particularly tea

47
Q

On what day did Napoleon attack at Waterloo?

A

June 18th 1815

48
Q

What did the East India Company bring back to Britain?

A

materials such as saltpetre - which was used to make gunpowder

49
Q

How did the private sector help the government during the war?

A

by working on government contracts to produce warships, weapons and gunpowder

50
Q

What is a closed blockade?

A

the main fleet sailed near to the enemy port

51
Q

What encouraged investment in farming?

A

high prices

52
Q

Why was overseas trade so important to Britain?

A

customs duties made up a large part of government income

53
Q

What happened at the Battle of Copenhagen April 1801?

A

Admiral Parker w Nelson second in command went to deal with the Danish threat. Nelson ignored Parker’s signal to retreat and successfully forced the Danish Crown Prince to sign a treaty after sinking 3 ships and capturing 12

54
Q

How much did cotton production increase between 1793-1813?

A

Threefold increase

55
Q

What happened at the Glorious First of June 1794?

A
  • British ships under Lord Howe attacked a French fleet escorting an American grain convoy
  • 7 ships were captured or sunk
56
Q

When was the Battle of Waterloo?

A

June 1815

57
Q

How did Nelson split the fleet at Trafalgar?

A

1 division led by himself in the HMS Victory
1 division led by Collingwood
two columns

58
Q

How many men died of disease in the Caribbean during the French revolutionary war?

A

40,000 between 1793-1802
(they were trying to take colonies from the Spanish, French and Dutch

59
Q

What happened from 1793-1797?

A

The Naval War

60
Q

How many guns did frigates carry?

A

28-36

61
Q

What major canal was operational in 1805?

A

the Grand Junction Canal

62
Q

When was the battle of Ligny? What happened?

A

June 16th 1815
Napoleon with 120,000 men defeated a Prussian force under Marshal Blucher

63
Q

When was the glorious first of June?

A

1794

64
Q

How much more were cotton textiles worth in 1815 than in 1793?

A

they were worth 6x more

65
Q

Who were the allied powers against France in 1815?

A

Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria

66
Q

How large was the National Debt by 1815?

A

£1 billion

67
Q

How many men were in the British Army in 1793?

A

40,000

68
Q

How many battleships did the French and Spanish have between them in 1804 - How many did the Royal Navy have?

A

They had 102,
The Royal Navy had 83

69
Q

When and why did the Continental system start to collapse?

A

After Napoleon’s defeat in Russia in 1813

70
Q

When was the Battle of Trafalgar?

A

October 21st 1805

71
Q

When was the Battle of Camperdown?

A

October 1797

72
Q

When was the Battle of Salamanca and who won?

A

22nd July 1812

Wellington’s Anglo-Portugese force defeated the French force

73
Q

Why did the Army and Navy have a bad rap in 1793?

A

They had lost the American War of Independence (1775-83)
the Army ran on commissions

74
Q

What type of land was cultivated in Britain during the war?

A

common land and wasteland

75
Q

How much did Britain’s economy grow per year between 1793 and 1802?

A

6% per year

76
Q

How large was the French/ Spanish force at Trafalgar?

A

33 ships
30,000 men
2568 guns

77
Q

What were frigates always in action doing?

A

Patrolling,
Scouting,
Conveying merchantmen

78
Q

Who mutinied after the sailors at Spithead in 1797?

A

the petty officers on May 7th
the sailors at Nore 5 days later, joined by the North Sea Fleet

79
Q

How large was Nelson’s force at Trafalgar?

A

27 ships
17,000 men
2148 guns

80
Q

What happened at Fuentes de Onoro, Cuidad Rodrigo and Badajoz - and when?

A

Wellington led British successes - in 1811 and early 1812

81
Q

What happened with Villenueve in 1805?

A

Nelson finished his chase and went home in April
A British fleet in July attacked Villenueve’s fleet - they escaped and went to Cadiz

82
Q

Where was Napoleon exiled to in 1814

A

the island of Elba

83
Q

How much did iron and steel manufacturing output increase between 1793-1813?

A

Fourfold increase

84
Q

When was the Battle of the Nile?

A

1798 (1st August)

85
Q

How did Nelson die?

A

He was shot by a French sharpshooter at the Battle of Trafalgar

86
Q

When was the Battle of Vitoria?

A

21st June 1813

87
Q

What ships were used to transport troops abroad?

A

the East India Company’s ships

88
Q

When was the Battle of Copenhagen?

A

1801 (2nd April)

89
Q

Why did Napoleon abdicate for the first time in April 1814?

A

Prussian, Russian and Austrian forces had entered Paris

90
Q

When did Spain and Portugal revolt from France?

A

1808

91
Q

Wellington’s tactics at the Battle of Salamanca July 1812?

A

Faked a retreat, when pursued by the French under Marshal Marmont he was already in position and decisiviely defeated the French army.

92
Q

French losses at Salamanca and Vitoria?

A

Salamanca (July 1812) 13,000
Vitoria (June 1813) 8,000

93
Q

When did Wellington replace Sir John Moore as commander of the British forces in the Peninsular War?

A

April 1809

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