The Counter Reformation Flashcards
What was the initial expectation regarding Mary’s religious reforms upon her accession?
There was never any doubt that Mary would undergo serious religious reforms.
What factor complicated Mary’s religious reforms?
The English powerbase was near a Protestant hub and the Protestant Reformation was protected by statute law.
What happened during Mary’s first Parliament in October 1553?
Edward VI’s religious laws were repealed and Henry VIII’s Order of Service was restored.
What was the outcome for clergy who had married under Edward VI?
All clergy that had married lost their jobs and housing.
What was upheld during Mary’s initial parliamentary actions?
The independence of the Church of England was upheld.
What dilemma did Mary face regarding the Royal Supremacy?
Mary had to recognize Henry VIII’s laws as legal to overturn royal supremacy, admitting state law was superior to divine law.
Who was appointed as Papal Legate during Mary’s third Parliament?
Cardinal Pole was given the position as Papal Legate.
What significant act was passed in January 1555?
The Act of Repeal revoked Royal Supremacy.
What was a major obstacle to Mary’s religious reforms?
The divisions between the Pope and Mary were a significant obstacle.
Who pressured Mary regarding the reclaiming of Church land?
Cardinal Pole and Pope Julius III pressured her to regain Church land.
What was the reaction of the Imperial ambassador Renard regarding Church land?
He noted that Catholics had more monastic land than Protestants, questioning Mary’s delay in returning that land.
What happened to Cardinal Pole’s reputation among landowners?
He wasn’t liked by landowners due to his handling of Church property.
What significant change occurred with the papacy in 1555?
Pope Julius died and was succeeded by Pope Paul IV, who was anti-Spanish and hostile to Philip.
What did Pope Paul IV do regarding Cardinal Pole?
Pope Paul IV dismissed Pole as Papal Legate in April 1557.
What was the impact of the Book of Martyrs published in 1563?
Mary gained the reputation of ‘Bloody Mary’ due to the persecution of Protestants.
How many Protestants were burned during Mary’s reign?
289 Protestants were burned (237 men, 52 women).
Name one notable victim of Mary’s persecutions.
Archbishop Cranmer.
What was one of the aims of reforms under Cardinal Pole?
To improve the quantity and quality of priests.
What was the purpose of Pole’s Legatine Synod in 1555 and 1556?
To ensure bishops resided in their dioceses and to oversee religious life in parishes.
Which regions saw limited success in Pole’s reforms?
London and Kent saw limited success.
What was the overall conclusion about the Counter-Reformation under Mary?
The Counter-Reformation was incomplete due to delays in restoring Church structures and divisions with the Pope.
True or False: There was significant popular support for religious changes from 1532 to 1558.
False.
What was one of Henry VIII’s Catholic reforms?
The Six Articles of 1539.
Fill in the blank: The __________ was an unpopular Protestant reform during Edward VI’s reign.
Book of Common Prayer 1549
