The Cold War (Berlin Wall + Cuban Missile Crisis)

Question 1

when was Kennedy given an ultimatum by Khrushchev about WBerlin

Answer 1

-June 1961
-said in Dec 1961 he would give Berlin access route to EGermany

Question 2

what did Khrushchev do in Aug 1961

Answer 2

-order construction of wall to divide east/west berlin

Question 3

when did Kennedy choose to get involved in the Berlin Wall

Answer 3

-27th-28th Oct 1961

Question 4

what happened on the 27th-28th Oct 1961

Answer 4

-US and Soviet’s fully armed tanks in a stand off
-Kennedy backed down after 18 hours

Question 5

give 3 reasons the Berlin Wall was significant

Answer 5

-brought stability to Germany/ Berlin
-increased tensions, US/ USSR kept nuclear testing
-potentially led to USSR putting missiles in Cuba

Question 6

why did both the US and the USSR view the 1961 Berlin Wall crisis a success for themselves

Answer 6

-USSR thought the US could not stop the walls construction
-USA thought USSR had to wall people in

Question 7

when was the Cuban communist revolution

Answer 7

-1959

Question 8

how did Cuba develop a relationship with the USSR and when

Answer 8

-Feb 1960 trade agreement extended $100 million credits to Cuba and promised to buy 5 mil tonnes of Cuban sugar over 3 years

Question 9

give 3 main causes of the cuban missile crisis

Answer 9

-Castro suspected USA sabotaged Havana arms ship 1960
-1961 Bay of Pigs fiasco
-1962 Soviets put missiles in Cuba as USA put missiles in Turkey

Question 10

explain the significance of the Havana arms shipment

Answer 10

-1960communist cuban leader Castro suspected USA sabotage of ship carrying Belgian arms
-killed 100 ppl

Question 11

explain what the Bay of Pigs fiasco was 1961

Answer 11

-Kennedy tried to send CIA trained cubans to overthrow communist gov
-couldn’t even get to shore
-massive embarrassment

Question 12

give the 4 main events of the cuban missile crisis

Answer 12

-Kennedy shown missile sites oct 1962
-USA blockade on Cuba
-Robert Kennedy secretly met with Soviet ambassador
-withdrawal of missiles agreement

Question 13

why was the USA’s blockade on Cuba controversial

Answer 13

-blockcades considered an act of war
-USA called it a quarantine but Khrushchev said in a letter it was an act of aggression

Question 14

what were the terms of Khrushchev’s letter

Answer 14

-offered withdrawal of missiles in Cuba if USA promised not to invade Cuba
-later added that USA must remove missiles from Italy and Turkey too

Question 15

what was the outcome of the cuban missile crisis

Answer 15

-1963 Test ban Treaty ; USA, USSR, Britain ceased nuclear testing
-US and USSR disarmed