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HISTORY: 1945-75 > Start of the Cold War 1947-60 (Berlin Airlift-Gary Powers) > Flashcards

Start of the Cold War 1947-60 (Berlin Airlift-Gary Powers) Flashcards

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1
Q

what policies/ event marked the start of the Cold War (3)

A

-Truman Doctrine 1947
-Marshall Aid
-Berlin/ Berlin Airlift

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2
Q

when was the Truman Doctrine and what was it

A

-1947; offered USA’s support in struggle against communism

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3
Q

what was the first intervention of the Truman Doctrine 1947

A

-gave troops to Greece to fight communism
-success

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4
Q

what was Marshall Aid

A

-USA offered $13 billion packages to help Europe recover from ww2

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5
Q

why did the USA offer Marshall Aid

A

-prevented spread of communism by improving economies of capitalist countries, less likely to turn to communism

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6
Q

what was the Berlin Airlift and when was it (4)

A

-1948; USSR controlled East Germany, Berlin split into East/ West Berlin
-US soldiers travelled through EGermany to get to WBerlin , displeased Stalin
-Stalin blocked access to EGermany so USA sent planes
- didn’t last

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7
Q

what happened to Korea after ww2 (2)

A

-divided into North/South Korea at the 38th parallel
-North = hostile communists
-South = USA supporters

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8
Q

what and when was the first event of the Korean war and how did the globe respond

A

-March 1950, NK invaded SK
-UN sent mainly US forces to stop invasion

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9
Q

what happened in Korea due to US involvement

A

-USA won back SK
-General MacArthur urged troops to invade NK despite China’s warnings against it

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10
Q

who decided to invade NK

A

-General MacArthur

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11
Q

how did Truman respond to General MacArthur’s actions and how did the public respond to him

A

-Truman fired General MacArthur for insubordination
-Truman criticised for being soft on communism

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12
Q

what did MacArthur’s actions cause

A

-himself to be fired
-China sent troops to support NK
-3 year stalemate

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13
Q

when was a Korean peace treaty agreed and what did it decide

A

-1953; decided NK and SK would remain divided

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14
Q

who secretly supported NK in the Korean War and how

A

-USSR sent airforces to help NK

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15
Q

how many US troops and Korean civilians were dead after the Korean war

A

-27,000 US troops
-1.6 million civilians dead

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16
Q

give 3 impacts of the Korean war

A

-USA perceived communism as a global threat
-Ike’s domino theory became a widely held belief and eventually justified Vietnam
-McCarthyism sustained/ Cold War antagonism worsened

17
Q

what does MacArthur’s firing demonstrate about the USA’s foreign policy

A

-demonstrates USA’s commitment to containment
-only liberated south not invade north

18
Q

what was Ike’s domino theory

A

-if one country falls to capitalism a knock on effect will occur leading to global communism

19
Q

what 4 things developed the cold war

A

-NATO vs the Warsaw Pact
-Stalin vs Khrushchev
-Hungary and Berlin
-Suez Canal

20
Q

what was NATO and when was it set up (3)

A

-North Atlantic Treaty Organisation 1949
-defensive alliance to prevent soviet expansion/ communism
-an attack against one/more of them in Europe or NAmerica was a attack against all of them

21
Q

what was set up in retaliation to NATO 1949 and when

A

-1955 Warsaw Pact
-military alliance of 8 nations headed by Soviet Union to counter NATO

22
Q

when did Stalin die

A

-1953

23
Q

how did Khrushchev differ from Stalin (5)

A

-less authoritarian rule
-started de-stalinisation process
-released political prisoners and started agricultural reform
-surrendered land from ww2
-decreased red army by 500,000 men

24
Q

what was included in Khrushchev’s de-stalinisation

A

-no gulags/ disappearances to Siberia
-no cult of personality/ full media control

25
Q

why did USA expect a better relationship with Khrushchev

A

-less authoritarian
-1959 first soviet leader to visit USA

26
Q

when and how did the space race start

A

-1957; USSR launched 1st satellite into space called Sputnik no 1

27
Q

why were the USA angered by Sputnik No 1

A

-wanted to be perceived as the best/ better than communism eg won arms race with hydrogen bomb
-feared US secrets leaked to USSR

28
Q

what happened in Hungary and when and why

A

-1956; due to hatred of Khrushchev’s policies that prevented free elections new leader of Hungary tried to leave the Warsaw pact

29
Q

how did Khrushchev/ the globe respond to Hungary trying to leave the Warsaw Pact

A

-1956 Khrushchev invaded Hungary with tanks , did not want other countries trying to leave as well
-Hungary appealed to NATO for support but they did not

30
Q

what angered Khrushchev in Berlin

A

-WGermany refused to recognise legitimacy of EGermany state
-USA, Britain and France used EGermany for espionage/sabotage

31
Q

how did Khrushchev respond to the West’s espionage in Berlin

A

-threatened to block WGermany’s access to EGermany’s routes
-gave ultimatum to do something about WBerlin or else

32
Q

how did Ike respond to Khrushchev’s ultimatum

A

-called his bluff and in March 1959 Khrushchev backed down
-Sept 1959 summit held but no progress

33
Q

when were the two summit’s held over Berlin held

A

-March 1959
-May 1960

34
Q

what happened at the 1960 summit concerning Berlin

A

-Khrushchev failed to attend as Soviets shot down U-2 American spy plane and captured pilot Gary Powers
-forced Ike to admit to espionage

35
Q

what happened to the Suez Canal and when

A

-1956 Egypt took control of Suez Canal, important trade route for Britain and France

36
Q

how did the US respond to Egypt taking the Suez Canal and why

A

-did not help France/ Britain and sacrificed canal to maintain Arab friendship against USSR

37
Q

what impact did the Suez Canal have (2)

A

-Britain and France no longer viewed as super powers due to dependance on USA
-Egypt and Syria turned to USSR due to Anglo-French actions reminding them of Western colonial mentality

HISTORY: 1945-75 (17 decks)

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