The Chemistry Of Life Flashcards
What does an atom consist of?
A nucleus contains + charged protons and neutral neutrons
What is an isotope?
Different kind of atom of the same element where the number of neutrons in the nucleus varies
What element is found in all living matter?
Carbon
What is an ionic bond and what does it do in water?
When one atom gains electrons while the other atom in the bond loses electrons. In water ironic bonds disassociate.
What is a covalent bond and what does it do in water?
A covalent bond is formed when atoms share electrons. They don’t dissociate in water.
What are H bonds?
They are weak bonds. They help hold water molecules together and bind other molecules into 3D shapes
What is an electron carrier?
They accept electrons for a short period of time and use the energy of the electrons to make ATP molecules
Water is a slightly _____ molecule
Polar
What is ammonia a by-product of?
Breakdown of aa
Aa contain _________and are the building blocks of __________
Nitrogen, protein
What is the ratio of crabon, hydrogen and oxygen in carbohydrates?
1:2:1
What is the purpose of carbohydrates
Energy storage and structural strengthening of the cell
What are 95% of fat in the human body?
Triacylglcerols. Composed of glycerol and fatty acid
Saturated fat =
Unsaturated fat=
Which one is good for you?
Saturated- factory acid contains single covalent bonds-> cardio vascular disease
Unstatured= double covalent bonds-> good for you
What is the purpose of fat?
Source of energy, insulation and protects organs.
What is the building block of protein
Aa
_________ are a protein catalyst that make chemical rxn occur in cells.
Enzymes
Nucleic acid are composed of chains of _______
Nucleotides
The two purine bases are ______ &______
The two pyramiding bases are ______ &_______
Adenine and guanine
Thymine and cytosine (uracil instead of thymine in RNA)
What is Brownian movement?
The random collision of diffusing molecules
What does increased temp do to molecules
Accelerates the rate of diffusing molecues
What is an isotonic solution and give an example
->normal saline: a solution in which the salt concentration inside the cell is the same as that of outside the cell. The cell would neither gain or lose water
What is a hypotonic solution and give an example of one.
Pure distilled water-> a solution in which the salt concentration inside the cell is greater than outside the cell. the cell would absorb water in this solution.
What is a hypertonic solution.
Ie) ocean water: is which the salt concentrations is greater outside the cell than it is inside the cell. The cell would lose water to the outside envrionment.
_____ is the negative logarithm of the H ion.
-pH
If a substance dissociates and forms an excess of H in water it is an _____
Acid
If a substance that combines with H ions when dissolved in water its a ______
Base
The use of water in the process of digestion is called
Hydrolysis
Atomic theory was proposed by
John dalton
What % of our atmosphere is oxygen?
21%
The energy of the ATP molecule is stored in which phosphate group?
Between the 2nd & 3
How many aa are there?
20
