Articular (general)

Question 1

What is a joint?

Answer 1

Joint (articulation) is a place where the union between 2+ bones that have varying degree of movement.

Question 2

What are the three main groups of joints?

Answer 2

1) no movement: Synarthroses
2) slight movement: Ampiarthroses
3) freely moving: Diarthroses

Question 3

What are the three different kinds of Synarthroses joints?

Answer 3

(No-movement)

1) Suture: bones joined by a thin layer of fibrous connective tissue such as found in the skull
2) Syndesmosis: bones are connected by ligament such as Radius and ulna
3) Gomphosis: a Conical process in a socket held together by ligaments (tooth in its socket)

Question 4

What are the two kinds of Amphiarthroses joints?

Answer 4

(Allow slight movement)

1) Symphysis bones are joined by a disk of fibrocartilage such as in the public symphysis
2) Synchondrosis: two bony structures are joined by a hyaline cartilage

Question 5

What is an alternative name for Diarthroses? What is the function of a Diarthroses joint? Name the 6 types of joints in this classification

Answer 5

An alternative name: Synovial joint
They function to bear weight, movement (ligaments, tendons, muscles and articulate cartilage help provide stability)
Also the synovial fluid lubrictes surfaces and nourishes the cartilage.
1) ball -and-socket: (Multiaxial)widest range of motion found in the shoulder and hip
2) Hinge: (unaxial)movement is flexion and extension. Such as in the knee
3) pivot joint: limits movement to rotation in one plane-> atlas and axis in spine
4) condyloid/ellisoidal allows motion in right angles
5) Saddle: found only in thumb, allows movement in two plans
6) Gliding joint-> allows for gliding motion such as the intervertebral joints in the spine

Question 6

What are Bursae?

Answer 6

Closed sacs with a synovial membrane lining that prevents friction between overlapping tissues

Question 7

What are the three different kinds of Bursae and where are they found?

Answer 7

1) Subcutaneous Bursae are found between skin and underlying bony processes
2) Subfascial Bursae: found where muscles overlie one another
3) Subtendinous Bursae: where one tendon overlies another or a bony projection