The Cerebral Cortex

Question 1

central sulcus

Answer 1

separates parietal and frontal lobes

Question 2

what separates parietal and frontal lobes?

Answer 2

central sulcus

Question 3

lateral sulcus other name

Answer 3

Sylvian fissure

Question 4

what is the Sylvian fissure also called?

Answer 4

lateral sulcus

Question 5

lateral sulcus

Answer 5

separates temporal, parietal and frontal lobes

Question 6

what separates temporal, parietal and frontal lobes?

Answer 6

lateral sulcus

Question 7

Insula (insular cortex)

Answer 7

folded into the lateral sulcus

Insular cortex is responsible for generating feelings of disgust

Question 8

what is responsible for generating feelings of disgust?

Answer 8

insular cortex

Question 9

Parietal-occipital sulcus

Answer 9

separates the parietal and occipital lobes

Question 10

what separates the parietal and occipital lobes?

Answer 10

parietal-occipital sulcus

Question 11

role of parietal cortex

Answer 11

attending to stimuli - where

attention

Question 12

what cortex attends to stimuli?

Answer 12

parietal

Question 13

Anterior parietal cortex role

Answer 13

localising sensory stimuli (sensory homunculus) (primary somatosensory cortex)

Question 14

where is the primary somatosensory cortex?

Answer 14

anterior parietal cortex

Question 15

role of posterior parietal cortex

Answer 15

integrating sensory information

Question 16

what is responsible for localising sensory stimuli?

Answer 16

Anterior parietal cortex:

Question 17

where is the primary somatosensory cortex?

Answer 17

Anterior parietal cortex:

Question 18

what can damage to the parietal cortex result in?

Answer 18

neglect

Question 19

role of temporal lobe

Answer 19

• Superior temporal lobe: primary auditory cortex
• Medial temporal lobe: identifying the nature of stimuli (what)

Question 20

where is the primary auditory cortex?

Answer 20

-Superior temporal lobe:

Question 21

role of Superior temporal lobe:

Answer 21

primary auditory cortex - hearing

Question 22

role of medial temporal lobe

Answer 22

identifying the nature of stimuli (what)

Question 23

what part of the temporal lobe is responsible for identifying the nature of stimuli (what)?

Answer 23

medial temporal lobe

Question 24

what does damage to the temporal cortex result in?

Answer 24

agnosia

Question 25

lobe responsible for hearing

Answer 25

temporal

Question 26

role of frontal cortex

Answer 26

- What to do about it - Executive function (long-term planning, withholding inappropriate behaviours, judgement, personality) - Voluntary movements (posterior frontal cortex) (primary motor cortex) - Damage can cause changes to personality.

Question 27

what lobe is responsible for executive function and voluntary movements?

Answer 27

frontal

Question 28

executive function

Answer 28

long-term planning, withholding inappropriate behaviours, judgement, personality

Question 29

what lobe is responsible for determining what to do about stimuli?

Answer 29

frontal

Question 30

what areas in the frontal lobe are responsible for voluntary movements?

Answer 30

posterior frontal cortex primary motor cortex

Question 31

what can damage to the frontal lobe result in?

Answer 31

changes to personality

Question 32

role of occipital cortex

Answer 32

vision/visual info processing

Question 33

lobe resonsible for visual info processing

Answer 33

occipital

Question 34

what do we mean by Brodmann areas?

Answer 34

- Map of cortex first mapped by Brodmann (1909) - Based on areas of similarity in histology - Widely used still today - 52 regions, some subdivided

Question 35

brodmann area of primary visual cortex

Answer 35

17

Question 36

brodmann area for fusiform face area

Answer 36

37

Question 37

brodmann area 17

Answer 37

primary visual cortex

Question 38

brodmann area 37

Answer 38

fusiform face area

Question 39

organisation of the cortex - briefly explain

Answer 39

made up of the neocortex and allocortex 6-layer horizontal structure and columnar vertical structure (functional units of the cerebral cortex) Columns: distinct areas are distinct to specific info (especially in the primary visual cortex)

Question 40

6 layers of the neocortex:

Answer 40

1 - molecular layer 2 - external granular layer 3 - external pyramidal layer 4 - internal granular layer 5 - internal pyramidal layer 6 - multiform layer

Question 41

what is the molecular layer (1)?

Answer 41

dendrites of pyramidal neurons

Question 42

what layer of the neocortex is made up of dendrites of pyramidal neurons?

Answer 42

molecular layer - 1

Question 43

difference between the first 3 layers and last 3 layers of the neocortex

Answer 43

1-3 external 4-6 internal

Question 44

what is the internal granular layer (4) made up of?

Answer 44

small granular neurons

Question 45

what layer of the neocortex is made up of small granular neurons?

Answer 45

4 - internal granular layer

Question 46

what layer of the neocortex is the primary input layer?

Answer 46

4 - internal granluar layer

Question 47

what is the internal pyramidal layer (5) made up of?

Answer 47

pyramidal neurons

Question 48

which layer of the neocortex is made up of pyramidal neurons?

Answer 48

5 - internal pyramidal

Question 49

what does the multiform layer 6 contain?

Answer 49

lots of different cell types

Question 50

what does the multiform layer 6 do?

Answer 50

relays back to the thalamus back to layer 4

Question 51

which layer of the neocortex relays back to the thalamus back to layer 4?

Answer 51

multiform layer 6

Question 52

which layer of the neocortex contains lots of different cell types?

Answer 52

multiform - 6

Question 53

which layer of the neocortex is the primary output layer

Answer 53

5 - internal pyramidal

Question 54

what does neuromodulation mean?

Answer 54

turn up or down synapses

Question 55

examples of monoamines

Answer 55

- Serotonin, dopamine, noradrenaline

Question 56

what are Serotonin, dopamine, and noradrenaline examples of?

Answer 56

monoamines