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Foundations in Medical Neuroscience > The Cerebral Cortex > Flashcards

The Cerebral Cortex Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

central sulcus

A

separates parietal and frontal lobes

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2
Q

what separates parietal and frontal lobes?

A

central sulcus

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3
Q

lateral sulcus other name

A

Sylvian fissure

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4
Q

what is the Sylvian fissure also called?

A

lateral sulcus

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5
Q

lateral sulcus

A

separates temporal, parietal and frontal lobes

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6
Q

what separates temporal, parietal and frontal lobes?

A

lateral sulcus

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7
Q

Insula (insular cortex)

A

folded into the lateral sulcus

Insular cortex is responsible for generating feelings of disgust

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8
Q

what is responsible for generating feelings of disgust?

A

insular cortex

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9
Q

Parietal-occipital sulcus

A

separates the parietal and occipital lobes

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10
Q

what separates the parietal and occipital lobes?

A

parietal-occipital sulcus

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11
Q

role of parietal cortex

A

attending to stimuli - where

attention

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12
Q

what cortex attends to stimuli?

A

parietal

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13
Q

Anterior parietal cortex role

A

localising sensory stimuli (sensory homunculus) (primary somatosensory cortex)

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14
Q

where is the primary somatosensory cortex?

A

anterior parietal cortex

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15
Q

role of posterior parietal cortex

A

integrating sensory information

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16
Q

what is responsible for localising sensory stimuli?

A

Anterior parietal cortex:

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17
Q

where is the primary somatosensory cortex?

A

Anterior parietal cortex:

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18
Q

what can damage to the parietal cortex result in?

A

neglect

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19
Q

role of temporal lobe

A
  • Superior temporal lobe: primary auditory cortex
  • Medial temporal lobe: identifying the nature of stimuli (what)
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20
Q

where is the primary auditory cortex?

A

-Superior temporal lobe:

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21
Q

role of Superior temporal lobe:

A

primary auditory cortex - hearing

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22
Q

role of medial temporal lobe

A

identifying the nature of stimuli (what)

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23
Q

what part of the temporal lobe is responsible for identifying the nature of stimuli (what)?

A

medial temporal lobe

24
Q

what does damage to the temporal cortex result in?

A

agnosia

25
Q

lobe responsible for hearing

A

temporal

26
Q

role of frontal cortex

A
  • What to do about it
  • Executive function (long-term planning, withholding inappropriate behaviours, judgement, personality)
  • Voluntary movements (posterior frontal cortex) (primary motor cortex)
  • Damage can cause changes to personality.
27
Q

what lobe is responsible for executive function and voluntary movements?

A

frontal

28
Q

executive function

A

long-term planning, withholding inappropriate behaviours, judgement, personality

29
Q

what lobe is responsible for determining what to do about stimuli?

A

frontal

30
Q

what areas in the frontal lobe are responsible for voluntary movements?

A

posterior frontal cortex
primary motor cortex

31
Q

what can damage to the frontal lobe result in?

A

changes to personality

32
Q

role of occipital cortex

A

vision/visual info processing

33
Q

lobe resonsible for visual info processing

A

occipital

34
Q

what do we mean by Brodmann areas?

A
  • Map of cortex first mapped by Brodmann (1909)
  • Based on areas of similarity in histology
  • Widely used still today
  • 52 regions, some subdivided
35
Q

brodmann area of primary visual cortex

A

17

36
Q

brodmann area for fusiform face area

A

37

37
Q

brodmann area 17

A

primary visual cortex

38
Q

brodmann area 37

A

fusiform face area

39
Q

organisation of the cortex - briefly explain

A

made up of the neocortex and allocortex

6-layer horizontal structure and columnar vertical structure (functional units of the cerebral cortex)

Columns: distinct areas are distinct to specific info (especially in the primary visual cortex)

40
Q

6 layers of the neocortex:

A

1 - molecular layer
2 - external granular layer
3 - external pyramidal layer
4 - internal granular layer
5 - internal pyramidal layer
6 - multiform layer

41
Q

what is the molecular layer (1)?

A

dendrites of pyramidal neurons

42
Q

what layer of the neocortex is made up of dendrites of pyramidal neurons?

A

molecular layer - 1

43
Q

difference between the first 3 layers and last 3 layers of the neocortex

A

1-3 external
4-6 internal

44
Q

what is the internal granular layer (4) made up of?

A

small granular neurons

45
Q

what layer of the neocortex is made up of small granular neurons?

A

4 - internal granular layer

46
Q

what layer of the neocortex is the primary input layer?

A

4 - internal granluar layer

47
Q

what is the internal pyramidal layer (5) made up of?

A

pyramidal neurons

48
Q

which layer of the neocortex is made up of pyramidal neurons?

A

5 - internal pyramidal

49
Q

what does the multiform layer 6 contain?

A

lots of different cell types

50
Q

what does the multiform layer 6 do?

A

relays back to the thalamus back to layer 4

51
Q

which layer of the neocortex relays back to the thalamus back to layer 4?

A

multiform layer 6

52
Q

which layer of the neocortex contains lots of different cell types?

A

multiform - 6

53
Q

which layer of the neocortex is the primary output layer

A

5 - internal pyramidal

54
Q

what does neuromodulation mean?

A

turn up or down synapses

55
Q

examples of monoamines

A
  • Serotonin, dopamine, noradrenaline
56
Q

what are Serotonin, dopamine, and noradrenaline examples of?

A

monoamines

Foundations in Medical Neuroscience (14 decks)

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