The Cerebellum

Question 1

role of cerebellum

Answer 1

• Coordination of movement), not initiation or selection)
• Motor learning
• Some evidence for roles in cognition

Question 2

cerebellum wiring

Answer 2

ipsilateral

Question 3

what connects the cerebllum to the brainstem

Answer 3

pairs of peduncles

Question 4

what do the peduncle pairs do to the cerebellum?

Answer 4

connect the cerebellum to the brainstem

Question 5

anatomical divisions of the cerebellum

Answer 5

divided into 3 lobes

Question 6

functional divisions of the cerebellum

Answer 6

hemispheres (further subdivided)

Question 7

how much of the total brain mass is the cerebllum

Answer 7

10%

Question 8

amount of neurons in the cerebellum compared to rest of brain - why

Answer 8

• More neurons than the rest of the brain combined (lots of folds = lots of surface area = lots of neurons)

Question 9

role of posterolateral fissure

Answer 9

separates the posterior lobe and flocculonodular lobe

Question 10

what separates the posterior lobe and flocculonodular lobe?

Answer 10

posterolateral fissure

Question 11

where is the cerebellum located?

Answer 11

posterior fossa

Question 12

lobes of the cerebellum

Answer 12

• Anterior
• Posterior
• Flocculonodular

Question 13

what causes damage to the cerebellum?

Answer 13

• Tumour, stroke, trauma, alcoholism, genetics, etc.

Question 14

presentations and tests for damage to the cerebellum

Answer 14

ataxia
dysmetria
dysdiadochokinesia
dysarthria
nystagmus

Question 15

ataxia

Answer 15

wide gait, unstable trunk, incoordination of voluntary movements

Question 16

what does this describe: wide gait, unstable trunk, incoordination of voluntary movements

Answer 16

ataxia

Question 17

dysmetria

Answer 17

unable to coordinate complex motor activity involving several muscle groups (affects speech), unable to gauge distance, so may overshoot (hypermetria) or undershoot

Question 18

what does this describe:
unable to coordinate complex motor activity involving several muscle groups (affects speech), unable to gauge distance, so may overshoot (hypermetria) or undershoot

Answer 18

dysmetria

Question 19

dysdiadochokinesia

Answer 19

unable to perform coordinated smooth, rapid, alternating hand movements

Question 20

what does this describe:
unable to perform coordinated smooth, rapid, alternating hand movements

Answer 20

dysdiadochokinesia

Question 21

dysarthria

Answer 21

impaired articulation of speech so may be slurred speech or slow speech, due to weakness or incoordination of muscles

Question 22

what does this describe:
impaired articulation of speech so may be slurred speech or slow speech, due to weakness or incoordination of muscles

Answer 22

dysarthria

Question 23

nystagmus

Answer 23

involuntary rhythmic oscillation/movement of the eyes (horizontal, vertical or rotary)

Question 24

what does this describe:
involuntary rhythmic oscillation/movement of the eyes (horizontal, vertical or rotary)

Answer 24

nystagmus

Question 25

what affects the expression of cerebellar damage?

Answer 25

Topographic arrangements

Question 26

how do topographic arrangements affect the expression of damage?

Answer 26

o E.g. flocculus/vermis damage affects eye movements o Medial cerebellum – trunk o Lateral – limbs

Question 27

Are peduncles grey or white matter?

Answer 27

white

Question 28

what are the 3 pairs of peduncles connecting the cerebellum to the brainstem?

Answer 28

superior middle inferior

Question 29

flow of info in superior peduncle

Answer 29

to thalamus via midbrain

Question 30

flow of info in middle peduncle

Answer 30

in from pons

Question 31

flow of info in inferior peduncle

Answer 31

in from medulla etc

Question 32

which pair of peduncles sends info to the thalamus via midbrain?

Answer 32

superior

Question 33

which pair of peduncles receives info from the pons?

Answer 33

middle

Question 34

which pair of peduncles receives info from the medulla etc?

Answer 34

inferior

Question 35

basic anatomy of the cerebellum

Answer 35

White matter tracts (containing dentate nucleus) surrounded by grey mater cerebellar cortex

Question 36

where does the 4th ventricle get its shape?

Answer 36

from being in between the pons and peduncle.

Question 37

tentorium cerebelli

Answer 37

separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum.

Question 38

what separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum?

Answer 38

tentorium cerebelli

Question 39

wiring of the spinocerebellar tract

Answer 39

Ipsilateral wiring of information from muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs

Question 40

what tracts do we need to understand the wiring for?

Answer 40

dorsal spinocerebellar cuneocerebellar ventral spinocerebellar

Question 41

if 'spino' comes first as in spinocerebellar tract, what does this mean?

Answer 41

means 'from the spinal cord'

Question 42

if 'cerebellar' comes last as in spinocerebellar tract, what does this mean?

Answer 42

means 'to the cerebellum'

Question 43

how many pairs of blood vessels supply blood to the cerebellum and where do they come from?

Answer 43

3 pairs of blood vessels supply blood to the cerebellum, branching off the vertebrae arteries.

Question 44

Cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome:

Answer 44

- More subtle than motor impairment - Visuospatial and executive function - Flexibility and error correction

Question 45

what are the cerebellar hemispheres subdivided into?

Answer 45

vermis medial hemisphere lateral hemisphere

Question 46

which peduncle - dorsal spinocerebellar tract

Answer 46

inferior

Question 47

which peduncle - ventral spinocerebellar tract

Answer 47

superior

Question 48

which peduncle - cuneocerebellar tract

Answer 48

inferior

Question 49

which spinocerebellar tract decussates and where?

Answer 49

ventral spinocerebellar tract decussates in inferior colliculus of midbrain