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Foundations in Medical Neuroscience > The Cerebellum > Flashcards

The Cerebellum Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

role of cerebellum

A
  • Coordination of movement), not initiation or selection)
  • Motor learning
  • Some evidence for roles in cognition
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2
Q

cerebellum wiring

A

ipsilateral

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3
Q

what connects the cerebllum to the brainstem

A

pairs of peduncles

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4
Q

what do the peduncle pairs do to the cerebellum?

A

connect the cerebellum to the brainstem

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5
Q

anatomical divisions of the cerebellum

A

divided into 3 lobes

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6
Q

functional divisions of the cerebellum

A

hemispheres (further subdivided)

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7
Q

how much of the total brain mass is the cerebllum

A

10%

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8
Q

amount of neurons in the cerebellum compared to rest of brain - why

A
  • More neurons than the rest of the brain combined (lots of folds = lots of surface area = lots of neurons)
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9
Q

role of posterolateral fissure

A

separates the posterior lobe and flocculonodular lobe

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10
Q

what separates the posterior lobe and flocculonodular lobe?

A

posterolateral fissure

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11
Q

where is the cerebellum located?

A

posterior fossa

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12
Q

lobes of the cerebellum

A
  • Anterior
  • Posterior
  • Flocculonodular
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13
Q

what causes damage to the cerebellum?

A
  • Tumour, stroke, trauma, alcoholism, genetics, etc.
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14
Q

presentations and tests for damage to the cerebellum

A

ataxia
dysmetria
dysdiadochokinesia
dysarthria
nystagmus

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15
Q

ataxia

A

wide gait, unstable trunk, incoordination of voluntary movements

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16
Q

what does this describe: wide gait, unstable trunk, incoordination of voluntary movements

A

ataxia

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17
Q

dysmetria

A

unable to coordinate complex motor activity involving several muscle groups (affects speech), unable to gauge distance, so may overshoot (hypermetria) or undershoot

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18
Q

what does this describe:
unable to coordinate complex motor activity involving several muscle groups (affects speech), unable to gauge distance, so may overshoot (hypermetria) or undershoot

A

dysmetria

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19
Q

dysdiadochokinesia

A

unable to perform coordinated smooth, rapid, alternating hand movements

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20
Q

what does this describe:
unable to perform coordinated smooth, rapid, alternating hand movements

A

dysdiadochokinesia

21
Q

dysarthria

A

impaired articulation of speech so may be slurred speech or slow speech, due to weakness or incoordination of muscles

22
Q

what does this describe:
impaired articulation of speech so may be slurred speech or slow speech, due to weakness or incoordination of muscles

A

dysarthria

23
Q

nystagmus

A

involuntary rhythmic oscillation/movement of the eyes (horizontal, vertical or rotary)

24
Q

what does this describe:
involuntary rhythmic oscillation/movement of the eyes (horizontal, vertical or rotary)

A

nystagmus

25
Q

what affects the expression of cerebellar damage?

A

Topographic arrangements

26
Q

how do topographic arrangements affect the expression of damage?

A

o E.g. flocculus/vermis damage affects eye movements
o Medial cerebellum – trunk
o Lateral – limbs

27
Q

Are peduncles grey or white matter?

A

white

28
Q

what are the 3 pairs of peduncles connecting the cerebellum to the brainstem?

A

superior
middle
inferior

29
Q

flow of info in superior peduncle

A

to thalamus via midbrain

30
Q

flow of info in middle peduncle

A

in from pons

31
Q

flow of info in inferior peduncle

A

in from medulla etc

32
Q

which pair of peduncles sends info to the thalamus via midbrain?

A

superior

33
Q

which pair of peduncles receives info from the pons?

A

middle

34
Q

which pair of peduncles receives info from the medulla etc?

A

inferior

35
Q

basic anatomy of the cerebellum

A

White matter tracts (containing dentate nucleus) surrounded by grey mater cerebellar cortex

36
Q

where does the 4th ventricle get its shape?

A

from being in between the pons and peduncle.

37
Q

tentorium cerebelli

A

separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum.

38
Q

what separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum?

A

tentorium cerebelli

39
Q

wiring of the spinocerebellar tract

A

Ipsilateral wiring of information from muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs

40
Q

what tracts do we need to understand the wiring for?

A

dorsal spinocerebellar
cuneocerebellar
ventral spinocerebellar

41
Q

if ‘spino’ comes first as in spinocerebellar tract, what does this mean?

A

means ‘from the spinal cord’

42
Q

if ‘cerebellar’ comes last as in spinocerebellar tract, what does this mean?

A

means ‘to the cerebellum’

43
Q

how many pairs of blood vessels supply blood to the cerebellum and where do they come from?

A

3 pairs of blood vessels supply blood to the cerebellum, branching off the vertebrae arteries.

44
Q

Cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome:

A
  • More subtle than motor impairment
  • Visuospatial and executive function
  • Flexibility and error correction
45
Q

what are the cerebellar hemispheres subdivided into?

A

vermis
medial hemisphere
lateral hemisphere

46
Q

which peduncle - dorsal spinocerebellar tract

A

inferior

47
Q

which peduncle - ventral spinocerebellar tract

A

superior

48
Q

which peduncle - cuneocerebellar tract

A

inferior

49
Q

which spinocerebellar tract decussates and where?

A

ventral spinocerebellar tract

decussates in inferior colliculus of midbrain

Foundations in Medical Neuroscience (14 decks)

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