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Foundations in Medical Neuroscience > Sensory Systems > Flashcards

Sensory Systems Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

sensory systems for external info

A
  • Somatosensory (tactile, pain, proprioceptive)
  • Visual system
  • Auditory
  • Vestibular (balance)
  • Olfactory
  • Gustatory (taste)
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1
Q

sensory info can be…

A

internal or external

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2
Q

describe decussation in the ascending sensory pathway

A

depends on specific type of sensory info

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3
Q

what are sensory neurons

A

peripheral nerves carrying information from the sensory stimulus receiver to the SC

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4
Q

what does damage to the ascending sensory pathway cause?

A

Damage at any stage causes problems in sensory processing (different presentations and consequences)

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5
Q

examples of receptors

A
  • Nociceptors (pain – tissue damage)
  • Photoreceptors (light – rods and cones)
  • Thermoreceptors (temperature)
  • Baroreceptors/carotid bodies (stretch – blood vessels)
  • Chemoreceptors (chemical composition)
  • Mechanoreceptors (touch/pressure)
  • Hair cells (sound)
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6
Q

what do nociceptors detect?

A

pain - tissue damage

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7
Q

what do photoreceptors detect?

A

light - rods and cones

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8
Q

what do thermoreceptors detect?

A

temp

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9
Q

what do baroreceptors/carotid arteries detect?

A

stretch - blood vessels

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10
Q

what do mechanoreceptors detect?

A

touch/pressure

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11
Q

what do hair cells detect?

A

sound

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12
Q

what receptors detect pain/tissue damage?

A

nociceptors

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13
Q

what receptors detect light?

A

photoreceptors - rods and cones

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14
Q

what receptors detect stretch?

A

baroreceptors/carotid arteries in the BV

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15
Q

what do chemoreceptors detect?

A

chemical composition

16
Q

what receptors detect chemical composition?

A

chemoreceptors

17
Q

what receptors detect touch/pressure?

A

mechanoreceptors

18
Q

what receptors detect sound?

A

hair cells

19
Q

what in the sensory pathway is responsible for adaptation?

A

receptors

20
Q

role of adaptation

A

prevents sensory overload

21
Q

what prevents sensory overload?

A

adaptation

22
Q

where does adaptation occur?

A

in sensory cell

23
Q

what is adaptation distinct from?

A

sensory gating

24
Q

role of thalamus

A

Sensory relay system (flitering, integrating, prioritising)

role in sensory gating

25
Q

what part of the brain acts as a sensory relay station?

A

thalamus

26
Q

where does the thalamus get input and feedback from?

A
  • Input and feedback from limbic, motor, reticular formation
  • Also feedback from cortex
27
Q

where does all sensory info pass in the brain? (what is the exception?)

A
  • All sensory info to cortex passes through thalamus (expect olfaction)
28
Q

what brain strucute plays a part in sensory gating?

A

thalamus

29
Q

briefly explain sensory gating

A
  • Filter irrelevant stimuli
  • Focus on relevant stimuli
  • Rapidly switch
  • ‘cocktail party effect’ (lots of conversations – able to filter and focus on yours but switch rapidly)
30
Q

when is sensory gating a problem?

A

in things like schizophrenia

31
Q

where is the primary somatosensory cortex (S1)?

A
  • Postcentral gyrus
  • Parietal cortex
  • Brodmann 1-3

Sensory homunculus

32
Q

what structure, important in sensory processing, located in the parietal cortex, post central gyrus, and brodmann 1-3?

A

primary somatosensory cortex (S1)

33
Q

sensory info processed by the parietal lobe

A

where - attention

34
Q

sensory info processed by the temporal lobe

A

what - familiarity

35
Q

sensory info processed by the occipital lobe

A

visual info (includes primary visual cortex)

36
Q

sensory info processed by the frontal lobe

A

what to do about it - motor commands

37
Q

pathway for pain

A
  • Nociceptor
  • Dorsal root
  • Anterior horn
  • Spinothalamic tract
  • Thalamus
  • Thalamocortical relay
  • Primary somatosensory cortex
  • Primary motor cortex
  • Corticospinal tract
  • Ventral root
  • Neuromuscular junction
  • Muscle

Foundations in Medical Neuroscience (14 decks)

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