The Cellular Basics of Activity

Question 1

What is cellular respiration? Write the formula. What is the main purpose of this reaction? Why is it so important?

Answer 1

The breakdown of food molecules (like carbs and fats) to release chemical energy in your body
C6H12O6+6O2—->6H2O+6CO2+ATP
Necessary for life

Question 2

What are the two kinds of respiration? What is the difference between the two? Which makes the most energy?

Answer 2

Aerobic needs oxygen. Anaerobic no oxygen. Aerobic produces more energy

Question 3

What are the 3 stages of aerobic respiration? What is the goal of aerobic respiration?

Answer 3

Glycolysis: get molecules smaller
Krebs Cycle: get energy out of food molecule
Electron Transport Chain: energy out of NADH into ATP

Question 4

Where does glycolysis occur? What is required for this step? What is produced in this step?

Answer 4

Occurs in the cytoplasm
Oxygen is required
Produces CO2 and Energy

Question 5

How many carbons are in glucose? Pyruvic acid? How many pyruvic acids are formed from one glucose? Did we break bonds? What do we get when we break bonds?

Answer 5

6C in one glucose
3C in one pyruvic acid
2 PA from one glucose
We broke bonds to get energy

Question 6

Before we enter the next step what must happen to pyruvic acid? How many carbons in this new molecule? Did we gain or lose carbons? What is formed as a result? Did we break bonds? What do we get as a result?

Answer 6

Pa has to get smaller
Acetyl has 2C
We lost carbons and got CO2 to dump C
There are 2 carbons in each molecule. We lose carbons while breaking bonds and releasing energy

Question 7

Where does the Krebs cycle take place? What is required for this step? What is produced?

Answer 7

Occurs in mitochondria
Requires acetyl from glycolysis
Produces ATP and NADH

Question 8

Main job of the Krebs Cycle:

Answer 8

to break down carbon bonds to get energy out and store NADH and ATP

Question 9

Why is NADH so important? Are they usable by the cell? What must happen to them?

Answer 9

Stores lots of energy—-> Not usable by cells —–> Must be broken and energy restored in ATP

Question 10

Why is the electron transport chain so important?

Answer 10

It gets energy out of NADH and stores it in ATP. H bonds with O2 to form H2O

Question 11

Where does electron transport chain occur? What is required? What is produced?

Answer 11

Occurs in the mitochondria
Requires ADP, P, O2
Produces ATP and water

Question 12

Why is oxygen so important in the electron transport chain? What if it is not available? What will happen in human muscle tissue?

Answer 12

To get rid of it. It won’t work. If there is not oxygen lactic acid builds up.

Question 13

What happens to the molecules of ATP that are produced in respiration?

Answer 13

It is used by cells or stored

Question 14

Explain how facts and proteins can be used in this process.

Answer 14

It will work differently because there are different chemistry

Question 15

Why is it risky to use proteins as a source of energy?

Answer 15

There are no resources for biosynthesis

Question 16

Using the information we learned give one reason consuming too much fat is hazardous to your health

Answer 16

It makes 2x the energy and if it is not used it leads to weight gain

Question 17

What are the two types of anaerobic respiration? How does this process differ from aerobic respiration?

Answer 17

Alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation. They do not use oxygen but produce less energy

Question 18

If so little energy from glucose is formed into ATP, where is the rest of the energy? (where is it stored?)

Answer 18

Stored in the lactic acid and alcohol

Question 19

What is photosynthesis? Write out the chemical formula. Where does this take place? Where is the energy stored?

Answer 19

Trapping energy from the sun in glucose.
CO2+H2O+Energy——>C6H12O6+O2
Energy is stored in glucose

Question 20

Is sunlight truly white? Explain. How do colors of light differ from one another?

Answer 20

Sunlight is not truly white because it contains all colors.

They differ because of the different wavelengths

Question 21

Explain why we see particular colors.

Answer 21

We see particular colors because the pigments they have in them are reflected while all others are absorbed

Question 22

How do red plants photosynthesize?

Answer 22

Colored plants absorb different wavelengths and transfer their energy to chlorophyll to assist in photosynthesis

Question 23

What kind of organisms photosynthesize? Do these organisms also do cellular respiration?

Answer 23

Plants photosynthesize. They can do cellular respiration as well.

Question 24

Why are plants considered the bottom of the food chain?

Answer 24

Because all other organisms use them for their energy

Question 25

Show and describe the 3 parts of a chloroplast

Answer 25

Thylakoids: inner membrane system Grana: stacks of thylakoids Stroma: fluids surrounding thylakoids

Question 26

What are the pigments called? Where are they? Why are they not found in the roots of plants?

Answer 26

Chlorophyll A&B. They are located in the thylakoids. The roots don't get sunlight

Question 27

What are 2 stages of photosynthesis? What is the overall job of each stage?

Answer 27

Light reaction absorbs light energy and converts it to chemical energy (ATP&NADH). Calvin cycle (Dark Reaction) takes in chemical energy (ATP&NADH) and stores the energy in the bonds of glucose

Question 28

Where does the first stage occur? What is required? What is produced?

Answer 28

Occurs in the thylakoids Requires light and water Produces oxygen, ATP, and NADPH

Question 29

What happens to the chlorophyll when light hits it? How does this help form energy?

Answer 29

Electrons move faster and make it want to bond | Energy is stored in the bonds

Question 30

What other in of energy is made in the light reaction? Explains how this happens.

Answer 30

Chemical energy

Question 31

What molecules are sent to the second stage of photosynthesis? Why? What is sent to the atmosphere?

Answer 31

ATP and NADPH are sent to carry the energy to put in the glucose. O2 released into the atmosphere

Question 32

What is the second stage of photosynthesis? Where does it occur? What is required? What is produced?

Answer 32

The Calvin cycle (Dark Reaction) occurs in the stoma Requires CO2, ATP, NADPH Produces glucose

Question 33

What happens to the extra glucose produced by plants?

Answer 33

It is stored

Question 34

How are the light reaction and Calvin cycle related?

Answer 34

Both produce chemical energy

Question 35

Would a green light bulb make a good grow light? Explain

Answer 35

No, green plants will reflect green wavelengths

Question 36

Explain why it might be beneficial for a plant to have more than one pigment in its leaves

Answer 36

So it can take advantage of more wavelengths of light. | Move light absorption------>More glucose

Question 37

Consider photosynthesis and respiration and their impact on all life forms. What is the ultimate source of energy in all living things? What is the source of carbon atoms in organic matter?

Answer 37

The ultimate source of energy is sunlight for all living things. Carbon dioxide is a source of carbon in plants. Plants are all a source of carbon in the heterotrophs

Question 38

What do we call organisms that make their own food? What do we call organisms that don't?

Answer 38

Autotrophs make their own food | Heterotrophs don't

Question 39

What happens in order to release energy from ATP?

Answer 39

You must break the bonds. The phosphate has to be pulled off

Question 40

In order to perform cellular respiration you and other animals must have a ready supply of what?

Answer 40

Oxygen and Glucose