Performance and Fitness Flashcards
What are carbohydrates broken up into?
Simple sugars: C, H, O
What are proteins broken down into?
Amino Acids: C, N, H, O, S
Why are carbohydrates important?
Provide the molecule glucose your body prefers to use for energy
Why are proteins important?
Provide amino acids for biosynthesis
What is the difference between essential and non essential amino acids?
essential: from outside the body, you must consume them
nonessential: your body produces, you don’t have to consume
How do we test for carbohydrates? Proteins? Vitamin C?
Carbs: lugol iodine-starch, benedicts solution-sugar
Proteins: biuret
Vitamin C: indophenol
What is a catalyst?
A molecule that speeds up chemical reactions by adding heat
What is an enzyme?
A catalyst in your body used to bond molecules together (dehydration synthesis) or take molecules apart (hydrolysis)
What might affect how the enzyme works?
Temperature, pH, # of substrate molecules available
Where does digestion begin in humans?
In the mouth
What is peristalsis?
Muscle contractions that move food material through the digestive tract
Where does chemical digestion begin?
In the mouth with salivary amylase and carbohydrates
What happens in the small intestine?
Chemical digestion is completed and absorption
Where does protein digestion take place? What chemical aids in this type of digestion? Where is this chemical secreted from? Where is it stored?
It begins in the stomach with pepsin secreted from the gastric glands
Where does fat digestion occur? What chemical aids in this type of digestion? Were is this chemical secreted from? Where is it stored?
It begins in the small intestine with bile from the liver and then lipase from the pancreas
Name al of the organs food passes through after it leaves the mouth
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus
What kind of chemical environment do stomach enzymes require?
A very acidic environment
Where does absorption of water take place in digestion?
Mostly the large intestine
What is the difference between saturated fat and unsaturated fat?
Saturated: solid at room temperature with lots of H bonded on them
Unsaturated: liquid at room temperature with less H bonded on
What does the food guide pyramid advise you eat more of?
Carbs, then fruits and vegetables
Where are villi located? What do they do?
Located in the small intestine. They increase the surface area to speed up the absorption of nutrients into the blood stream
What connects the pharynx to the stomach?
The esophagus
What enzyme breaks down starches in the mouth?
Salivary amylase
What is the function of the mucus in the stomach?
It lubricates and protects the stomach lining from acids
What does the liver do in the process of digestion?
Provides bile
What does the gall bladder do in the process of digestion?
It stores bile from the liver so you have a ready supply on hand
What are the different types of skeletal systems studied in class? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?
Endoskeleton: interior structure- provides good range of mobility and flexibility, but little protection
Exoskeleton: Exterior structure - provides good protection - less mobility
Hypostatic: support comes from water in body
