Performance and Fitness

Question 1

What are carbohydrates broken up into?

Answer 1

Simple sugars: C, H, O

Question 2

What are proteins broken down into?

Answer 2

Amino Acids: C, N, H, O, S

Question 3

Why are carbohydrates important?

Answer 3

Provide the molecule glucose your body prefers to use for energy

Question 4

Why are proteins important?

Answer 4

Provide amino acids for biosynthesis

Question 5

What is the difference between essential and non essential amino acids?

Answer 5

essential: from outside the body, you must consume them
nonessential: your body produces, you don’t have to consume

Question 6

How do we test for carbohydrates? Proteins? Vitamin C?

Answer 6

Carbs: lugol iodine-starch, benedicts solution-sugar
Proteins: biuret
Vitamin C: indophenol

Question 7

What is a catalyst?

Answer 7

A molecule that speeds up chemical reactions by adding heat

Question 8

What is an enzyme?

Answer 8

A catalyst in your body used to bond molecules together (dehydration synthesis) or take molecules apart (hydrolysis)

Question 9

What might affect how the enzyme works?

Answer 9

Temperature, pH, # of substrate molecules available

Question 10

Where does digestion begin in humans?

Answer 10

In the mouth

Question 11

What is peristalsis?

Answer 11

Muscle contractions that move food material through the digestive tract

Question 12

Where does chemical digestion begin?

Answer 12

In the mouth with salivary amylase and carbohydrates

Question 13

What happens in the small intestine?

Answer 13

Chemical digestion is completed and absorption

Question 14

Where does protein digestion take place? What chemical aids in this type of digestion? Where is this chemical secreted from? Where is it stored?

Answer 14

It begins in the stomach with pepsin secreted from the gastric glands

Question 15

Where does fat digestion occur? What chemical aids in this type of digestion? Were is this chemical secreted from? Where is it stored?

Answer 15

It begins in the small intestine with bile from the liver and then lipase from the pancreas

Question 16

Name al of the organs food passes through after it leaves the mouth

Answer 16

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus

Question 17

What kind of chemical environment do stomach enzymes require?

Answer 17

A very acidic environment

Question 18

Where does absorption of water take place in digestion?

Answer 18

Mostly the large intestine

Question 19

What is the difference between saturated fat and unsaturated fat?

Answer 19

Saturated: solid at room temperature with lots of H bonded on them
Unsaturated: liquid at room temperature with less H bonded on

Question 20

What does the food guide pyramid advise you eat more of?

Answer 20

Carbs, then fruits and vegetables

Question 21

Where are villi located? What do they do?

Answer 21

Located in the small intestine. They increase the surface area to speed up the absorption of nutrients into the blood stream

Question 22

What connects the pharynx to the stomach?

Answer 22

The esophagus

Question 23

What enzyme breaks down starches in the mouth?

Answer 23

Salivary amylase

Question 24

What is the function of the mucus in the stomach?

Answer 24

It lubricates and protects the stomach lining from acids

Question 25

What does the liver do in the process of digestion?

Answer 25

Provides bile

Question 26

What does the gall bladder do in the process of digestion?

Answer 26

It stores bile from the liver so you have a ready supply on hand

Question 27

What are the different types of skeletal systems studied in class? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?

Answer 27

Endoskeleton: interior structure- provides good range of mobility and flexibility, but little protection
Exoskeleton: Exterior structure - provides good protection - less mobility
Hypostatic: support comes from water in body